Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Mathematical modeling of the cure process coupled with the automation of various thermal analytical instruments and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) have made possible the determination of quantitative cure and chemical reaction kinetics from a single dynamic scan of the reaction process. This paper describes the application of FT-IR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in determining cure and reaction kinetics in some model organic coatings systems. 

It has been well established by Cooper and Tobolsky that the unique properties of polyurethanes are strongly linked to its two-phase morphology [21], Characterization of microphase separation is performed using a variety of techniques including dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and atomic force microscopy. Consideration of both the thermodynamic driving forces and the kinetics is needed to elucidate microstructure formation in polyurethanes [60-66],... 

DMA = dynamic mechanical analysis, DMTA = dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, DSC = differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR = Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, GPC - gel permeation chromatography, LLDPE = linear low-density polyethylene, PMMA = polymethyl methacrylate, TGA = thermo-... 

Information on standard methods for the determination of the properties of polymers is reviewed in Table 4.1. General reviews of the determination of thermal properties have been reported by several workers [1-6]. These include application of methods such as dynamic mechanical analysis [5], thermomechanical analysis [5], differential scanning calorimetry [4], thermogravimetric analysis [6], and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [4], in addition to those discussed below. 

PLA-CToss-Iinked HBP blend. The domain size of cross-linked HBP particles in the PLA matrix was less than lOOnm as obtained from TEM. The presence of cross-linked HBP in the PLA matrix exhibited 570% and 847% improvement in the toughness and elongation at break, respectively, as compared to unmodified PLA. The increase in the ductility of modified PLA was related to stress whitening and multiple crazing initiated in the presence of cross-linked HBP particles. Formation of a networked interface as revealed by rheological data was associated with enhanced compatibility of the PLA-cross-linked HBP blend as compared to the PLA-HBP blend. The cross-linking reaction of HBP with PA was confirmed with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and low-temperature dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). 

The chemical polymerization of Py by CAN in PU solutions leads to the formation of PU/PPy composites. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR], dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA], thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA], differential scanning calorimetry (DSC], X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS], and SEM measurements. The absorbances of the disordered H-bonded urethane carbonyl decrease with increasing Py concentration. The fraction of the hydrogen-bonded carbonyls is increased and the melting point increases with the increase of PPy content. These indicate the incorporation of PPy into PU may cause the complex due to the intermolecular interaction between the PPy and PU. SEM images of composite nanofibers show good distribution of the second component and the composite solution is proper to form conductive composite nanofibers. 

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