Drug formulations warfarin

Nanoparticles are defined as particles with physical dimensions between 1 nm and 1000 nm (Lovestam et al., 2010]. They have been used to restrict the access of drug at the target sites and to deliver the drug at a controlled rate at the site of action (Sagar et al., 2011]. Khalil et al. formulate warfarin-p-cyclodextrln loaded chitosan nanoparticles for transdermal delivery. Chitosan is a hydrophilic... 

In the BBB-PAMPA lipid formulation illustrated in Fig. 3.4, the diff values, defined as the difference log Pq-log Pi, range from 2.9 (morphine) to 4.2 (warfarin), somewhat similar to the values observed in the octanol-water system. However, it is premature to propose a pdiffi-A approximation, given the limited amount of data reported. With other lipid formulations, larger differences are usually observed. In Double-Sink PAM PA, and especially in hexadecane-PAMPA, transport of ionized drugs has not been reported [84]. 

Potential tor reduced bioavailability because of complexation of drug with divalent and bivalent cations found in enteral feeding Decreased absorption of warfarin because of enteral feeding therapeutic effect antagonized by vitamin K in enteral formulations... 

It is reasonable to use proprietary names when dosage, and therefore pharmaceutical bioavadability, are critical so that small variations in the amoimt of drug available for absorption can have big effects on the patient, e.g. drugs with low therapeutic ratio, digoxin, hormone replacement therapy, adrenocortical steroids (oral), antiepileptics, cardiac anti-arrhythmics, warfarin. Also, with the introduction of complex formulations, e.g. sustained-release, it is important clearly to identify these, and use of proprietary names has a role. 

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