Drug development bottleneck

Combined with expedient purification techniques (e.g., scavengers, reagents on solid support, and solid phase extraction techniques) [ 14], microwave-assisted synthesis is leading the way towards genuine high-throughput chemistry that will hopefully ease the chemistry-related bottleneck in the drug development process. 

Pai dridge W (2005a) Tire blood-brain bai rier Bottleneck in brain drug development. NeuroRx 2 3—14. 

Watkins, P.B., Drug safety sciences and the bottleneck in drug development. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2011. 89(6) p. 788-90. 

Fig. 3 Stepwise development of antiviral resistance. Because of the rapid mutation rate of viruses, the virus population before treatment (a) contains variants, which display by chance a low level of resistance to the drug (indicated by the darker hue). Treatment with suboptimal levels of an antiviral drug (b) creates a bottleneck, which selects for these variants (c). These can further replicate in the presence of the drug and thereby acquire additional mutations, leading to resistant variants with enhanced replicative fitness (d)...

Borman, S. (2006) Improving efficiency. To eliminate R8cD bottlenecks, drug companies are evaluating all phases of discovery and development and are using novel approaches to speed them up. Chem Eng News 84, 56-78. 

Calvert, S., Stewart, F.P., Swarna, K. and Wiseman, J.S., The use of informatics and automation to remove bottlenecks in drug discovery Curr. Opin. Drug Discovery Develop., 1999, 2(3), 234-238. 

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