Doublet states, spin-orbit splitting

Fig. 2.19. A 4T state is split into six Kramers doublets by spin orbit coupling and low symmetry components.

Whichever may be the exact theoretical picture, there is agreement that the Cc02 spectrum shape is due to the convolution of the expected spin-orbit splitting with a three component splitting, the latter appearing because after ejection of the 3d photoelectron the Ce ions may be left in three different electronic states. Thus the V -u spin-orbit doublet results from the Ce ion being left in a [ ]4f "... 

The Mo3 core level signal is a spin orbit split doublet with a peak separation of 3.2eV. The binding energies and large FWHM are consistent with the metal being in a mixture of the +5 and 46 oxidation states, from a comparison with data reported in the literature (16). The relative intensity of the signal due to fluorine attached to molybdenum is much too small to account for this high oxidation state and as it will be seen more clearly from the next section the metal is present mainly in the form of its oxides which are produced on exposure of the sample to the atmosphere. 

Figure 1 shows a CV of a polycrystalline monoclinic WO3 electrode in 50 mM H2SO4, at a scan rate of 1 mV/s, obtained in the electrochemical preparation stage described above. There are two reduction peaks, at - 0.10 and - 0.34 V v. saturated calomel electrode (SCE), respectively. The two peaks are characteristic of polycrystalline WO3 [30-32]. The W 4f lines and the bandgap states for different electrochemical treatments are shown in Fig. 2a,b. Depending on electrochemical treatment the W 4f core level spectrum undergoes substantial changes. For a freshly prepared electrode, the spin-orbit split W 4fs/2, W 4f7/2 doublet of WO3 completely dominates... 

Here we consider transitions between the hyperfine substates of the 113/2 ground-state A-doublet of the OH molecule [61-63]. The A-doubling for 03/2 states appears in the third order of the Coriolis interaction and the corresponding energy interval is inversely proportional to the spin-orbit splitting between the 03/2 and n 1/2 states, that is, it scales as while the hyperfine structure intervals scale as a p,gnuc-... 

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