DNA Sequencing in Real Time

While Howorka s approach is relatively simple and reproducible at the atomic scale, it cannot yet record a sequence of bases passing through the pore. To do this it 

Firstly the sizes and non-covalent interactions that could be used to discriminate between the bases are very similar, indeed, there are almost no detectable differences between the dimensions or hydrogen bonding requirements of the purines, adenine and guanine, or between the pyrimidines, thymine, cytosine and uracil. The second problem is one of manufacture how can nanopores with reproducible dimensions be formed and linked to a reporting mechanism These problems have been answered to some degree by Bashir and co-workers, as seen in Fig. 8.8 [22], 

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