Distribution Potential for a Single Salt

Let us consider the distribution of a salt C+A- between two immiscible liquids. At equilibrium, we have an equality of the electrochemical potentials of both the cation and the anion, and by taking into account the electroneutrality in each phase 

In the case of dilute solutions, the second term in this equation is negligible. The Galvani potential difference imposed by the distribution of a salt is independent of the volume of the phases in contact and is called the distribution potential. In 2004, Markin and Volkov calculated the distribution potential in the case where one phase is of microscopic dimensions comparable to the Debye length, such that the electroneutrality condition is broken [92]. 

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