Distance inter-void

Inter-void distances (IDs) were measured according to the procedure discussed above and an example for connected lines and those affected by the edges of triangulation network is given in Figure 3.13. 

Figure 3.13. An example of triangulation for inter-void distance measurement (a) after removing lines affected by edge effect , where white dotted lines are affected by the edges when the middle section of black dashed line is taken as an image for measurement and (b) image taken from (a) where black lines along the edges of image are fictitious as compared with white dotted line in (a) [51]...

Figure 3.14. Void formation influenced by stirring speed (a) volume fraction, (b) void diameter, (c) void number and (d) inter-void distance [51]...

Figure 3.19. Specific fracture energy (Gjc) inter-void distance for epoxy systems. Data points for 400 rpm (inter-void distance and Gjo are 2194 pm and 0.47 kjm", respectively) and 600 rpm (intervoid distance and Gjc are 768 pm and 0.45 kJm", respectively) are not plotted because they are out of...

Kim N H and Kim H S, Micro-void toughening of thermosets and inter-void distance, ACUN-5 International Composites Conference, Developments in Composites Advanced, Infrastructural, Natural and Nano-composites, UNSW, Sydney, Australia, July 11-14, 2006, pp. 217-222. 

In this paper sub-pm-CT was used to characterize the microstructure of an MDF. In particular, the inter-fiber distances (voids) and the so-called size of connected cell wall material as a measure for connected parts of solid material (cell wall material, fibers, fiber bundles) was investigated. The results show that connected parts of both, fibers and voids (sum of voids (i) between fibers and (ii) wifhin the fibers = lumen) are F-distributed, and this was also confirmed by the maximum likelihood estimation. 

Inter-particle/void distance and toughening mechanism... 

In fact, two-dimensional ID can be measured directly on a two-dimensional (2D) image of particle/void dispersion. Also, the particle dispersion in the matrix may be characterized by individual 2D inter-particle/void distances (IDs), which may be useful for a wide range of particle sizes, including nano-sized particles. 

Finally measure inter-particle/void distances. 

Figure 3.8. Computer generated 3D models with cross-sections for randomly distributed particles/voids with a volume fraction of 0.15 (a) mono-sized particles/voids of 5.35 in diameter, and a minimum inter-particle/void distance of 1.5 (b) mono-sized particles/voids of 5.3 in diameter, and a minimum inter-particle/void distance of zero (c) log-normally sized particles/voids with a mean of 5.57 and a standard deviation of 1.13 (d) log-normaUy sized particles/voids with a mean of 5.91 and a standard deviation of 2.46 and (e) log-normally sized bi-modal particles/voids with a similar mean particle/void size of 5.74 but different standard deviations of 1.11 and 2.47 and respectively volume fractions of 0.054 and 0.096. The location of each cross-section is shown on 3D model. The scale bar on the cross section represents 50 [361...

A method for measuring mter-particle/void distances has been suggested and applied to three different types of dispersion representing relatively non-flocculated to flocculated particle/void dispersions and demonstrated that dispersions including flocculation can be quantified in terms of inter-paxticle/void distance (ID). Statistical properties of ID for various types of dispersion and size distribution of par tides/voids have been studied. It has been found that... 

Kim N H and Kim H S, Inter-particle/void distance measurement for plastics toughening. Fifth international conference on composite science and technology, American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Feb 1-3, 2005, pp. 257-262. 

Kim N H and Kim H S (2005) Inter-particle/void distance for plastic toughening, Scripta Mater 52 739-743. 

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