Dissipative macroscopic systems thermodynamics

B.M. Kaganovich, A.V. Keiko and V.A. Shamansky, Equilibrium Thermodynamic Modeling of Dissipative Macroscopic Systems... 

Equilibrium Thermodynamic Modeling of Dissipative Macroscopic Systems... 

Kaganovich, B.M., Keiko, A.V., Shamansky, V.A., 2010. Equilibrium thermodynamic modeling of dissipative macroscopic systems. In West, D.H., Yablonsky, G.S. (Eds.), Advances in Chemical Engineering. 

However, the ptractical apphcation of the second law in the analysis of equilibrium irreversible trajectories faced great difficulties. Clausius and then Helmholtz, Boltzmann, J. Thomson, Planck and other researchers tried to harmonize the second law of thermodynamics with the principle of the least action and derive the equation that meets this painciple similar to the equations (3) or (4) for dissipative macroscopic systems (in which the organized energy forms turn into a non-organized form, i.e. heat, due to friction). As is known their attempts were unsuccessful and resulted in understanding the necessity to statistically substantiate thermodynamics (Polak, 2010). 

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