Disposal systems

Disposable products Disposal systems Disproportionation Dissociation Dissociation constant Dissolved air flotation... 

Reinforced furan resias have been used for many years in process piping and in underground sewer or waste-disposal systems. With a wide range in pH acceptability and good solvent resistance, furan piping has been a logical choice for many services. 

Hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of dialkyl and monoalkyl sulfates is a process of considerable iaterest commercially. Successful alkylation ia water requires that the fast reaction of the first alkyl group with water and base be minimised. The very slow reaction of the second alkyl group results ia poor utilisation of the alkyl group and gives an iacreased organic load to a waste-disposal system. Data have accumulated siace 1907 on hydrolysis ia water under acid, neutral, and alkaline conditions, and best conditions and good values for rates have been reported and the subject reviewed (41—50). 

Zirconium phosphate [13772-29-7] also absorbs cesium and other radioactive-decay daughter products, and has been proposed as part of permanent disposal systems for nuclear fuel waste processing. 

Many waste-rock or overburden disposal systems result ia compacted dumps having uncontrolled distribution of fines. In such dumps, solution distribution is poor and there is Htde oxygen for reaction with the sulfides. Methods for managing these dumps to maximize copper recovery have been actively pursued. 

H. D. Pratt, Jr., Ph.D. dissertation, A Study of the Degradation of SomeAcyo Disperse Dyes in Waste Disposal Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Adanta, Sept. 1968. 

Pressure Relief Devices The most common method of overpressure protection is through the use of safety rehef valves and/or rupture disks which discharge into a containment vessel, a disposal system, or directly to the atmosphere (Fig. 26-13). Table 26-8 summarizes some of the device characteristics and the advantages. 

Detonation arresters are typically used in conjunction with other measures to decrease the risk of flame propagation. For example, in vapor control systems, the vapor is often enriched, diluted, or inerted, with appropriate instrumentation and control (see Effluent Disposal Systems, 1993). In cases where ignition sources are present or pre-dic table (such as most vapor destruct systems), the detonation arrester is used as a last-resort method anticipating possible failure of vapor composition control. Where vent collec tion systems have several vapor/oxidant sources, stream compositions can be highly variable and... 

Provide local exhaust ventilation connected to a disposal system (vent condenser, adsorber, scrubber or incinerator)... 

In this design, the inboard labyrinth of the DGS is fed with seal gas that is compatible with the process gas. The outboard labyrinth is injected with an inert gas. With this arrangement, the bearing housing is purged with inert gas, the seal gas leakage is minimized, and the mixture of seal gas and inert gas is vented to a flare or disposal system. Figure 6-21 shows a cross-section of a turboexpander with AMB and DGS. 

Advantages The major advantages of the thermoplastic-based disposal systems are by dispiosin of the waste in a dry condition, the overall volume of the waste is greatly reduced most thermoplastic matrix materials are resistant to attack by aqueous solutions microbial degradation is minimal most matrices adhere well to incorporated materials, therefore, the final product has good strength and materials embedded in a thermoplastic matrix can be reclaimed if needed. 

Disadvantages The principal disadvantages of the thermoplastic-based disposal systems are the following (1) expensive, complicated equipment requiring highly specialized labor is necessary for processing (2) the plasticity of the matrix-waste mixtures may require that containers be provided for... 

Assists in planning disposal systems for community waste. The model accepts appropriate inputs describing the community s situation and constraints, performs cost analyses for various scenarios to account for uncertainties in the input, and provides the system with heuristic indicators which describe the results. Interprets the results and provides advice on planning scenarios to be used as guidelines for making a study of appropriate alternative scenarios. 

Open Disposal System - This is discharge piping of a PR valve which releases directly to the atmosphere. 

Closed Disposal System - This is the discharge piping for a PR valve which releases to a collection system, such as a blowdown drum and flare header. However, a closed system can also be a process vessel or other equipment at a lower pressure. 

Relieving vapors from various pressure-relief and depressuring valves in the system must be collected in individual flare headers that should be appropriately located near each process area. Subheaders must be interconnected to a main flare header which feeds to a knock- out drum and disposal system. Condensates that are carried over by vapors are separated in the knock-out drum. The vapors that exit the vessel go to the flare stack where they are burned. 

Cases (a) and (b) are the critical failure modes for protecting the equipment, and the reliability of the disc in these modes is referred to as the primary reliability. Case (c) is inconvenient and sometimes costly, but it is not usually dangerous unless the containment or disposal system for the discharge is inadequate. Cases (d) and (e) are comparatively rare. 

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