Disorders isolated impurity

The mechanism by which defects concentrate impurities is a subject of research that has important bearing on crystal growth, especially related to formation of crystalline materials for use in the electronics industry. Besides imperfections associated with isolated impurities (i.e., point defects), the other major types of structural defects are line defects (both edge and screw), planar defects, grain boundaries, and structural disorder (Wright 1989). The connection between defect formation and impurity uptake is evident in two of these defects in particular the edge defect and point defect. 

Although the j8 phase has often been interpreted as a distinct bulk structural form, a number of studies [181,200,334] suggest that this phase is more accurately depicted as isolated ID threads or impurities of enhanced structural order that are embedded in a sea of more disordered conformational isomers which, as a whole, reflect the bulk structure. Becker and Lupton [181] have isolated and studied this j8... 

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