Disinfection, factories

The photo-Fenton processes are explored as photochemical pretreatment of nonbiodegradable and ubiquitous environmental pollutants and/or extremely toxic compoimds in wastewaters, such as persistent organic dyes under visible light irradiation (151,154,180,181) and under UV irradiation (139,182), azo dye factory wastewaters (140,162,183-185), herbicides (186-188), pesticides (152,153,189,190), insecticides (191), pharmaceuticals and wastewaters from medical laboratories (192-197), smdactants (198), industrial effluents with persistent toxic pollutants (199), industrial solvents and wastewaters (167,200), chlorinated solvents (201), and municipal wastewater (202). The photo-Fenton process was proposed to improve the biodegradability of especially biorecalcitrant wastewater, coming from textile industry, and the method was also suggested for water disinfection (203-205). 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Inhalation (evaporated air near pools, ambient air near factories) ingestion (swimming pools and drinking water disinfected with bromine or bromine compounds absorption (bromoform in water). 

EXPOSURE ROUTES drinking water that has been disinfected with bromine or bromine compounds swimming pools inhalation of evaporated bromoform near pools through skin from water inhalation of ambient air near factories and laboratories near a chemical waste site where bromoform leaked into soil or water... 

Semi-dead end UF/MF membranes (effective pore size of the membrane is <0.1 pm) with intermittent backwash are being increasingly used for surface water and wastewater treatment for re-use, e.g. secondary or tertiary effluent is treated for industrial, non-potable and, in some cases, potable water reuse using UF/RO (or MF/RO) plus advanced oxidation techniques such as UV disinfection and hydrogen peroxide. The process is described in detail in Chapters 2 and 4 and several examples discussed in Chapter 3. Prominent examples of advanced reclamation plants include Water Factory 21 in Cahfornia, NEWater Factory in Singapore and the Goreangab Reclamation plant in Namibia [2]. 

Phenols The term phenols is used to designate a series of hydroxyl derivatives of benzene, with phenol as the parent compound. These compounds come from paper mills and cellulose factories as well as from degradation of pesticides such as carbaryl. Disinfecting treatments of chlorine-containing waters produce chlorophenols, which cause a persistent taste. Analytical control of these compounds is commonly performed by chromatographic or photometric methods. 

Sulfur dioxide has some beneficial uses. It is a common preservative for fruits, vegetables, juices, and wine. It is used as a disinfectant in food factories and as a bleach for textiles and straw. 

About three months after the addition of iodate to bread in Tasmania there was a startling increase in the incidence of thyrotoxicosis in middleaged and elderly people. In depth investigation of this phenomenon revealed that the population as a whole was receiving much more iodine than could be expected from bread alone and that the principal source pf the ingested iodine was from dairy products (milk, cheese, etc.), inadvertently contaminated by iodine containing disinfectants (lodophores) used by farmers and factories processing milk and milk products. lodophores contain up to 2% (w/v) of... 

Control phage proliferation includes, among others, direct inoculation of milk with concentrated starter cultures use of antiphage starter medium use of separate rooms for starter production and cheese manufacture regular cleaning and disinfections (chlorinate) of vats, equipments, rooms (laboratory and factory), clothes, and air (positive filttation) rotation of starter strains. 

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