Direct writing classification

Another classification is into direct and indirect lithography. The difference is that in indirect lithography - a multi-step procedure - the pattern is first inscribed in some way on the surface and in subsequent steps the features are fabricated according to this original blue-print, while in direct-write lithography the features are directly fabricated onto the surface. 

Bruno was an early atomist, writing on The Principles, elements and causes of things (1590), while Andreas Libavius (1597) developed the study of alchemy in two directions encheiria, the manipulation of materials, and chymia, the preparation and classification of chemicals. Biringuccio (1540, Pirotechnia) wrote of fireworks, Agricola (1556, De re metallica) of metals, Neri (1612, L Arte Vetraria) of glass... 

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