Direct and Indirect Internal Reforming

In principle, therefore. SOFC technology is both simpler, more flexible and more efficient than other fuel cell types, with potentially significant cost benefits. However, there are several major problems associated with internal reforming in SOFCs, which can lead to deactivation and a loss in cell performance, and in some cases materials failure, and hence result in poor cell durability. A particular 

Internal reforming of the fuel can be achieved either indirectly using a separate reforming catalyst within the SOFC stack, or directly on the nickel anode, or by a combination of indirect and direct approaches using a separate catalyst within the SOFC system to convert a significant proportion of the hydrocarbon fuel to synthesis gas with the balance of the fuel reforming occurring directly on the nickel anode. 

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Figure 8.4 Schematic representation of direct and indirect internal reforming.

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