Dihydroxypropyl theophylline

For years there have been synthetic efforts to make new and better theophylline-llke bronchodllator drugs. There have been many attempts to modify the basic theophylline molecule with various fimctlonal group substitutions. Dyphylllne or 7-dihydroxypropyl theophylline (see Figure 4) was synthesized in the 1940 s (O. It has been receiving more attention in the U.S. as a drug (7,8,9). Often confused as a theophylline salt, dyphylllne Is a distinct chemical entity. Typical of many 7-alkyl substituted theophyllines, it has a low Incidence of side effects but also a low level of activity and short duration of action. 

Proprietary Names. Aerophylline Airet Asthmolysin Dilin Dilor Droxine Dyflex Emfabid Lufyllin Neothylline Neu-traphylline Protophylline Silbephylline Zapfchen. It is an ingredient of Noradran and Tedral Expect. 7-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)theophylline... 

Holy and Vanecek (86) described the synthesis, pharmacological properties, and several of enantiomeric derivatives of 7-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) theophylline using silica and chloroform-ethanol mixtures as solvents. 

Chamical Nama 7-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-l H-purine-2,6-dione Common Nama (1,2-Dihydroxy-3-propyl)theophylline diprophylline... 

Dyphylline [l,3-dimethyl-7-(2, 3-dihydroxypropyl)xan-thine] and theophylline inhibit cyclic nucletide PDFs, thereby preventing breakdown of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP to 5 -AMP and 5 -GMP, respectively. Inhibition of PDFs will lead to an accumulation of cAMP and cGMP, thereby increasing signal transduction through these pathways. The cyclic nucleotide PDFs are members of a superfamily of genetically distinct enzymes. Theophylline and related methylxanthines are relatively nonselective in the PDF subtypes they inhibit. 

Dyphylline is the N-7 dihydroxypropyl derivative of theophyiiine and is not a theophylline salt. Dyphylline does not get metabolized to theophylline in vivo, and even though it contains 70% theophylline by molecular weight ratio, the equivalent amount to theophylline is not known. Dosing must be accomplished independently by monitoring dyphylline blood levels. Dyphylline has a diminished bronchodilator effect compared to theophylline, but it may have lower and less serious side effects. Dosage forms available are an elixir and tablets. 

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