Differential sensing

The new vectors must of course be associated with some corresponding thermodynamic variables Ri, and it is then natural to ask how these new variables are related to the initial Ri. It turns out that Rj and Rt are indeed conjugates in the sense in which that term was used previously (8.73). Indeed, in a differential sense the variables Ri behave precisely as do the reference extensities Xh as shown in Sidebar 11.1,... 

Microscopic images of differential sensing diodes. Notes the opening of the active diode was deposited with 10 nm Pt, and the reference diode was deposited with Ti/Au. 

Fig. 8.16 Design of the IPMC-PVDF structure with differential sensing configuration). Reprinted from [Chen et al. (2008)] with permission from Elsevier, Copyright 2008.

Single Analyte Sensing Versus Differential Sensing... 

SINGLE ANALYTE SENSING VERSUS DIFFERENTIAL SENSING USING IDAs... 

Besides IDAs for a particular amino acid, nonselective receptors have also been explored to discriminate amino acids in the context of differential sensing. The use of... 

Uses of Differential Sensing and Arrays in Chemical Analysis... 

Of course, various other approaches such as pattern recognition and arrays (e.g., see Uses of Differential Sensing and Arrays in Chemical Analysis, Techniques), bilayer-confined indication reactions... 

Chemometric tools/analysis Statistical tools such as principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), or artificial neural networks (ANNs), which aid in the interpretation of patterns obtained in differential sensing. 

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