Diet therapy

Which of the following points would the nurse include when teaching a patient about drug and diet therapy for hyperlipidemia ... 

PKU) phenylalanine hydroxylase. In care cases, defect of biopterin metabolism (Fig. 40-3 reaction 1) children. Avoidable with early institution of diet therapy. Prognosis less favorable in PKU secondary to defect of biopterin metabolism Carbidopa... 

The clinical utility of dietary restriction of phenylalanine (200-500 mg/day of phenylalanine) is clear. Well-controlled patients have normal intelligence, although there may be an increased risk of perceptual-learning disabilities, emotional problems and subtle motor difficulties [23]. Diet therapy must probably be maintained throughout adolescence and perhaps indefinitely. Performance may deteriorate after the diet is discontinued. 

Anderson, J. W., Allgood, L. D., Laurence, A., Altringer, L. A., Jerdack, G. R., Hengehold, D. A., and Morel, J. G. (2000a). Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium intake adjunctive to diet therapy in men and women with hypercholesterolemia Metaanalysis of 8 controlled trials. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71, 472 79. 

Anderson, J. W., Davidson, M. H., Blonde, L., Brown, W. V., Howard, W. J., Ginsberg, H., Allgood, L. D., and Weingand, K. W. (2000b). Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium as an adjunct to diet therapy in the treatment of h3piercholesterolemia. Am. ]. Clin. Nutr. 71, 1433-1438. 

Anohina GA, Harchenko W, Harchenko NV, MyhaUchenko IS. (2008) Diet Therapy in Diseases of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas, pp. 184. Kyiv, Ukraine. 

Harchenko NV, Anokhina GA. (2005) Modem Diet Therapy of Digestive Ddiseases, pp. 144. Kyiv, Ukraine. 

E. When the infant reaches adulthood, it is recommended that diet therapy be discontinued. 

Welsh, J. D. 1978. Diet therapy in adult lactose malabsorption Present practices. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31, 592-596. 

Iwamoto Y, Kosaka K, Kuzuya T, Akanuma Y, Shigeta Y, Kaneko T. Effects of troglitazone a new hypoglycemic agent in patients with NIDDM poorly controlled by diet therapy. Diabetes Care 1996 19(2) 151-6. 

Troglitazone, the first clinically available thiazolidinedione, was approved for use in patients who have failed diet therapy and, in combination with insulin and/or sulfonylureas, in patients inadequately controlled with these agents alone (117). Although studies have documented the hypoglycemic efficacy of troglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes, its use was associated with elevated liver enzymes, liver damage, and death... 

The total fat intake must be reduced to achieve weight reduction by diet therapy.70 Dietary recommendations also include a reduction in saturated fatty acids. Drug therapy must be started only after confirmation of lipid levels such as cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL. Adequate trial must be initiated with modification of dietary therapy, only failing which drug therapy must be started. 

Correct answer = C. Protamine complexes with insulin to form an insoluble complex that is slowly absorbed. Insulin is not administered orally because it is destroyed by proteases in the Gl tract. Diet therapy and/or sulfonylureas are often effective without additional insulin In the therapy of Type II diabetics. Ketoacidosis is the most life-threatening consequence of Type I diabetics and requires adequate treatment with insuiin, not sulfonylureas. Insulin acts by binding to specific receptors in the cell membrane, not in the nucleus. 

Williams SR Nutritional deficiency diseases, in Williams SR (ed) Nutrition and Diet Therapy. 5th ed. Elsevier, Philadelphia, 1985, pp. 327-350. 

The use of phytosterols as part of diet therapy to lower LDL-C and risk for CAD is supported by both the NCEP guidelines and the FDA s health claim about the relationship between the consumption of plant sterol and stand esters and reduced risk of coronary heart disease. This section briefly discusses the efficacy of the phytosterols as arguably the most effective dietary approach to lower plasma LDL-C in most types of subjects with the least impact on habitual diets. 

Eschleman, Marian M. Nutrition Diet Therapy. New York Lippincott, 1991. 

Williams, Sue R. Nutrition and Diet Therapy. Boston Mosby College Publishing, 1989. 

Homer NK, Lampe JW. Potential mechanisms of diet therapy for fibrocystic breast conditions show inadequate evidence of effectiveness. J Am Diet Assoc 2000 100 1368-1380. 

Adjunct to diet therapy to decrease Half-life Onset Peaks — Duration —... 

In conclusion, the best indication for acarbose is in the early stages of NIDDM and in overweight diabetic patients who do not respond well to diet therapy. Acarbose can be used as monotherapy and also in association with sulphonylureas and insulin. It lowers postprandial and fasting blood glucose, decreases hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, and improves HbAj. It is therefore justified to expect also a beneficial effect of acarbose on the development of long-term diabetic complications. 

Biologically-based therapies—botanicals, herbs, special diet therapies. 

Children with classical phenylketonuria (PKU) have reduced levels of DHA in plasma cholesterol esters (0.25 vs. 0.54 wt%) and membrane phospholipids compared with nonaffected controls (Sanjuro et al., 1994 Poge et al., 1998). It appears, however, that the reduced levels of DHA in PKU patients occur only in patients with strict diet therapy and are most probably caused by a reduced intake of omega-3 fatty acids (Poge et al., 1998). Studies are underway and planned on the effects of DHA supplementation in pregnant women with PKU and children with PKU (Giovannini et al., 1995). 

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