2.6- diamino-/?-cresol

Chlorocatechol, see 4-Chlorophenol. 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T 4-Chloro-o-cresol, see MCPA 2-Chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazine, see Atrazine. 

Diamino-6-(N-phthalimido)-toluene was reacted with aromatic tetracarboxylic acids, 3,3, 4,4 -tetracarboxydiphenyl ether, 3,3, 4,4 -tetracarboxybenzophenone and dianhydrides, dianhydride 6F and dianhydride A, using high-temperature polycondensation in w-cresol with quinoline as a catalyst (Scheme 5.8). 

Polyimides based on 2,6-diamino-p-cresol were acylated with acryloylchloride [71, 72] to impart photosensitivity to these polymers. The acylation was carried out in accordance with Scheme 5.12. The extent of esterification of hydroxyl groups, as determined by H-NMR spectroscopy, ranged from 60 to 40% for various polyimides (Table 5.14). 

We have followed the pathway of TNT degradation in the consortium using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). Analysis of the supernatant in the consortium showed sequential reduction of TNT to TAT however, TAT only occasionally accumulated, and even then only in very low concentrations. In addition, methylphloroglucinol (MPG) and />-cresol transiently appeared in the supernatant. All compounds were identified using HPLC by UV spectra and retention times as compared to authentic standards chromatographed under the same conditions. The mono- and diamino intermediates were also confirmed by the MS results. 

Rat cecal contents were incubated with DNOC to determine whether the compound is metabolized in the large intestine (Ingebrigtsen and Froslie 1979). About 80% of DNOC was metabolized to 6-amino-4- nitro-o-cresol within 1 hour. Within the next 12 hours, 90% of this metabolite was further reduced to 2-methyl-4,6-diaminophenol. The authors determined that the cecal microorganisms in rats were responsible for the reduction of DNOC and its subsequent metabolites to diamino derivatives. Although not detected in humans or other monogastrics, these diamino derivatives are formed in sufficient quantities in ruminants to cause methemoglobinemia, which can be fatal in these species (Froslie 1973). 

A novel photoactive thermally stable polymer (xv) containing the triazine moiety has been synthesized by Khoee and Zamani [27] by the reaction of A,A-(4,4 -oxy bis (4,l-phenylene))-bis-(l,3-dioxo-l,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-carboxamide) and A-(4,6-diamino-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl) anthracene-9-carboxam-ide in presence of a small amount of o-cresol as a solvent under microwave condition. 

TNT is readily absorbed through skin, especially when skin is moist. It is excreted in urine more than in feces some is found in bile. The major biotransformation reaction is nitroreduction and, to a lesser extent, oxidation. The main metabolite formed by nitroreduction seems to be 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT). Other metabolites include 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, and 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene. The metabolites are excreted in the urine as glucuronide conjugates and in the free form. Ring oxidation products of TNT such as trinitrobenzylalcohol, trinitrobenzoic acid, and simultaneous oxidation and reduction metabolites such as 2,6-dinitro-4-amino-benzylalcohol and 2,6-dinitro-4-amino-m-cresol are of less importance. Untransformed TNT is also excreted in the urine. ADNT and TNT concentrations were found in workers in explosives factories. 4-ADNT excretion was reported to be complete within 3M days after exposure. However, another study reported detectable urine concentration of ADNT in explosives workers even after 17 days away from the workplace. 

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