Dialkenes, atmosphere

Non-oxidative hydrocarboxylation of alkenes to carboxylic acids with CO and H20 is catalyzed by palladium complexes such as PdCl2(PhCN)2 or PdCl2(PPh3)2, and a-methyl acids predominate in the presence of HC1.374,443 A recent improvement of this reaction consisted of the use of a PdCl2/CuCl2/HCl catalyst under oxidative conditions.377 Almost quantitative yields of a-methyl carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids were obtained from terminal alkenes and terminal dialkenes respectively, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure (equation 174).377... 

PdCb/CuCVHCl catalyst under oxidative conditions. Almost quantitative yields of a-methyl carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids were obtained from terminal alkenes and terminal dialkenes respectively, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure (equation 174). ... 

Nonoxidative hydrocarboxylation of alkenes to carboxylic acids with CO and water catalyzed by Pd catalysts is greatly improved in the presence of oxygen (Scheme 16). Almost quantitative yields of mono- and dicarboxylic adds were obtained from the corresponding terminal alkenes and terminal dialkenes, respectively, under atmospheric pressure at room temperature. ... 

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