Deoxyribonucleic acid polynucleotide chains

Adding nucleotides to the 3 oxygen of an existing structure is called elongation and leads ultimately to a polynucleotide The most important polynucleotides are ribonu cleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) As we shall see m later sections the polynucleotide chains of DNA and some RNAs are quite long and contain hundreds of thousands of bases... 

Nucleic Acid. A nucleic acid is a natural polynucleotide. It is a sugar-phosphate chain with purine and pyrimidine bases attached to it, as shown in Chart 10. If the sugar is deoxyribose and the pyrimidine bases are cytosine and thymine, the nucleic acid is deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA if the sugar is ribose, and the pyrimidine bases are (mostly) cytosine and uracil, the nucleic acid is ribonucleic acid, RNA. The sequence of bases may appear arbitrary and random, but it constitutes a meaningful code (see Code Word). In double-stranded nucleic acids,... 

Nucleic acids are of great interest because they are the units of heredity, the genes, and because they control the manufacture of proteins and the functions of the cells of living organisms. Hydrogen bonds play an important part in the novel structure proposed for deoxyribonucleic acid by Watson and Crick.1,5 This structure involves a detailed eomplement riness of two intertwined polynucleotide chains, which form a double helix.117 The complementariness in structure of the two chains was attributed by Watson and Crick to the formation of hydrogen bonds between a pyrimidine residue in one chain and a purine residue in the other, for each pair of nucleotides in the chains. 

One of the most important natural compounds with a helical structure is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It was studied by Watson and Crick based on the X-ray analysis of Franklin and Gossling Two right-handed polynucleotide chains are wound around a central axis. The sugar phosphate chains form an outer screw line, whereas the purine and pyrimidine bases are projecting inside. Their ring planes are... 

The genetic information is contained within the chemical structure of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, namely the sequence of bases along the polynucleotide chain. RNA, ribonucleic acid, is used by an organism to act as a messenger between the genes and the site of protein synthesis, the ribosome. The genes of all cells and many viruses are made of DNA. 

The genetic information which encodes protein sequences is found in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), and the transcription and translation process involves RNA (ribonucleic acid). Both are polynucleotides consisting of long sequences of nucleic acids made up of a phosphoribose backbone, with a choice of four different purine or pyrimidine side-chains or bases attached (see Figures 1.7 and 1.8). 

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) A polyanionic biopolymer consisting of a chain of nucleotides linked with phosphates bridge at the 3 and 5 positions of neighboring sugar (2-deoxyribose) units (ssDNA). Complementary base pairing results in the specific association of two polynucleotide chains that wind around a common helical axis to form a double helix (dsDNA). 

A DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule formed by two polynucleotide chains consists of nucleotide subunits. There are four types of nucleotide subunits of DNA, which are composed of deoxyribose attached to phosphate groups and four bases adenosine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). These nucleotides are covalently bound to each other via the deox30 ibose and phosphates. One end of the polynucleotide chain has 3 hydroxyl and the other end has 5 phosphate. 

Biopolymers. Ranging from individual chains of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to the high performance fibers produced by spiders for their use as draglines, afm has been used to provide insights into biopolymers, much as it has for synthetic systems (see POLYNUCLEOTIDES Silk). 

WHAT is the most abundant pol5mier on the planet Would you say natural rubber (NR), polyethylenes (plastic bottles, jugs etc.), or styrene-butadiene-rubber (e g., tires) The answer is pol5mucleic acids. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are macromolecules and are long polymer chains of polynucleotides [poly(nucleic acids)]. DNA and RNA play a central role in all living organisms. 

A polynucleotide molecule is a biopolymer composed of nucleotide monomers covalently bonded in a chain. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are examples of polynucleotides with distinct biological function. DNA... 

The Chain Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acids. The nucleic acids are high molecular weight polynucleotides Innumerable nucleosides are linked together with phosphoric acid (in diester bonds). Because in deoxyribonucleosides, which we shall consider first, position V of deoxjrribose is occupied by the base and position 4 is in the furanose ring, phosphoric acid must tie together the hydroxyls of 3 and 5. A section of a hypothetical chain is represented here ... 

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) A nucleic acid, mainly found in the chromosomes, that contains the hereditary information of organisms. The molecule is made up of two antiparallel helical polynucleotide chains coiled around each other to give a double helix. It is also known as the Watson-Crick model after James Watson and Francis Crick who first proposed this model in 1953. Phosphate molecules alternate with... 

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