Deoxyribonucleic acid identification

Anderson, G. (1958). Identification of derivatives of deoxyribonucleic acid in humic acid. Soil Sci. 86, 169-174. 

Gel electrophoresis Separates deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) chains of varying length and can allow identification of a specific gene sequences. 

One of the major achievements in all of science has been the identification, at the molecnlar level, of the chemical interactions that are involved in the transfer of genetic information and the control of protein biosynthesis. The substances involved are biological macromolecnles called nucleic acids. Nucleic acids were isolated over 100 years ago, and, as their name implies, they are acidic substances present in the nuclei of cells. There are two major kinds of nucleic acids ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). To understand the complex structure of nucleic acids, we first need to examine some simpler substances, nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles called pyrimidines and purines. The parent substance of each class and the numbering system used are shown ... 

The poxviruses (of the family Poxviridae) are a family of large, enveloped deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses.1 The most notorious poxvirus is variola, the causative agent of smallpox. Smallpox was an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world until recent times. Since the host range of the variola virus is confined to humans, aggressive case identification and contact... 

Emara, M.G., Nestor, K.E., Foster, D.N. Lamont, S.J. (1992). The turkey major histocompatibility complex identification of Class II genotypes by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid. Poult. Sci., 71, 2083-9. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid, as well as their nucleotides, nucleosides, and base constituents play an important role in many vital biochemical processes of medical interest. To better understand these processes, fundamental investigations into the structure, occurrence, search for modifications, and biochemical impact of structural variation are required. Thus, reliable high-resolution analytical methods for the separation and identification of the nucleic acid constituents (often at extremely low concentration levels) had to be developed. Chromatography (including reversed-phase hquid chromatography), ion exchange chromatography, dHPLC, and electrophoresis... 

Mass spectrometry is an essential tool for the characterization of biomolecules, revealing the charge-to-mass ratio of analyte molecules following ionization. There is a strong need for effective MS in the analysis of proteins and peptides, where MS coupling is required to provide sufficient mass resolution and sequence information for modern proteomic analyses. Unlike deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), no techniques exists for the direct amplification of proteins, and thus detection sensitivity is paramount for the identification of low abundance species from limited samples. The matter is further complicated by the enormous dynamic range of protein abundance in complex samples. For... 

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, Since only carbons 3 and 5 of the 2-deoxyribose are available for esterification in DNA, the linkages are all most probably of the 3, 5 -type. Purified phosphodiesterase quantitatively liberates 5 -mononucleotides from thymus DNA 100), On the other hand, no method has as yet been developed for degradation of these nucleic acid to 3 -deoxy-mononucleotides, although the pyrimidine 3, 5 -diphosphates have been isolated from acid hydrolyzates of DNA. Crystalline pancreatic deoxyribonuclease rapidly degrades DNA to very low molecular weight polynucleotides, but identification of many of these products reveals no certain route for the action of the enzyme 168),... 

Dowhan, D. H., Downes, M, Sturm, R. A, and Muscat, GEO. (1994) Identification of deoxyribonucleic acid sequences that bind Retinoid-X Receptor-y with high affinity. Endocrinology 135,2595-2607. 

This section focuses on the distinction and identification of only a few and potentially even single biomolecules. The first part provides details about differentiation and identification of molecules such as amino acids and deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid (DNA/RNA) bases by their TERS spectrum. In the second... 

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