Dense-phase fluidized beds regime transition

Cai, P. (1989). Flow Regime Transition in Dense-Phase Fluidized Beds. Ph.D. Dissertation. 

Cai, P. The transition of flow regime in dense phase gas-solid fluidized bed, Ph. D. Thesis, Tsinghua University (China) and Ohio State University (U.S.A.) (1989). 

Fast fluidization is characterized by a dense region at the bottom of a circulating fluidized bed, leading smoothly (without a sharp interface) into a lean region above (Li and Kwauk, 1980). In contrast, in the dilute-phase flow regime, the pressure gradient, except for an acceleration zone at the bottom, is nearly uniform. Hence the transition from fast fluidization to dilute flow can be characterized by the disappearance of the S-shaped inflection point (Li and Kwauk, 1980), or by the disappearance of nonuniform axial density profiles (Takeuchi et al., 1986). 

---