Dendrobates tricolor

The chloroform extracts are combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under vacuum until dry. The residue will be crude, a mixture of about three different alkaloids. Yield will depend on the species of the frogs used. In one test, 5000 adult Phyllobates aurotaema yielded 157 mg of mixed alkaloids, while 750 adult Dendrobates tricolor yielded 80 nig. 

Daly, J. W., Tokuyama, T., Fujiwara, T., Highet, R. J., Karle, I. L. A new class of indolizidine alkaloids from the poison frog, Dendrobates tricolor. X-ray analysis of 8-hydroxy-8-methyl-6-(2 -methylhexylidene)-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 830-836. 

Extracts from skins of the neotropical frog Dendrobates tricolor from Ecuador have given the alkaloid 8-hydroxy-6-(2-methylhexylidene)azabicyclo[4.3.0]non-ane (4), the structure and absolute configuration of which have been determined by X-ray crystallography of the hydrochloride salt. This alkaloid is the first structurally defined member of the pumiliotoxin A class of dendrobatid alkaloids. Spectroscopic studies (m.s. and n.m.r.) have allowed the formulation of the... 

The Panamanian frog Dendrobates pumilio yielded not only pumiliotoxin C (vide ante) but also pumiliotoxins A and B. The instability of pumiliotoxins A and B under acid conditions has interfered with the preparation of a crystalline salt and many years after the isolation of these alkaloids the structural formulas remained unknown. Pumiliotoxins A and B and many related alkaloids are widely distributed in frogs of the genus Dendrobates. Serendipitously, in searching for a different alkaloid, a major alkaloid with a molecular weight of 251 (pumiliotoxin 25 ID) was isolated from the skin of the Ecuadorian poison frog Dendrobates tricolor. It proved to be a simpler analog of pumiliotoxins A and B, but most importantly, it was possible to crystallize the HC1 salt and consequently to derive its structural formula by X-ray diffraction analysis (37). 

An indolizidine alkaloid from the frog, Dendrobates tricolor... 

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