Demings System of Profound Knowledge

Profound knowledge comprises four disciplines that Deming felt 

Profound knowledge comprises four disciplines that Deming felt were fundamentally important to business statistics, or the mathematics of variation psychology the theory of knowledge and the theory of systems. We shall treat each of these briefly in order to illustrate the relevance of each to management. 

Variation is a property of all measured phenomena. Without an understanding of the laws of variation, it is likely that many 

INAPPROPRIATE CONCLUSIONS WILL BE DRAWN FROM THE DATA. 

The mathematics of variation is called statistics. Some knowledge of variation is essential to conducting any process of measurement, because variation is a property of all measured phenomena. Without an understanding of the laws of variation, it is likely that many inappropriate conclusions will be drawn from the data. 

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