Dehydrogenations and Others

Heating the solution of A,A-di(isopropyl)ethylamine, the iridium catalyst 8.111 and t-butylethylene (hydrogen acceptor) at 90 °C in p-xylene for 5 h, for example, yields vinyl A,A-dipropylamine with a 98 % yield, as shown in Eq. (8.33) [153]. 

Recently, many articles have also reported on reactions with cyclometalation compounds as the catalysts, including transfer hydrogenations (Eq. (8.34)) [154, 

P-Alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols 

In 2012, Z.K. Yu et al. [158] reported on the transfer hydrogenation of ketones and Oppenauer-type oxidation of ketones. Ruthenium compounds containing an unsymmetrical NNC ligand, two phenylphosphines, and a chlorine atom 8.116 have exhibited highly catalytic activity for both reactions, as shown in Eqs. (8.39) and (8.40). 

Other reactions such as alkane dehydrogenation [159, 160], decarbonylation reactions [161], cyclization of alkynoic acids [162,163], three-component coupling reactions of boronic acids, allenes and imines [164], fluorenone synthesis by sequential reactions of 2-bromobenzaldehydes with arylboronic acids [165], and hydrosilylation reactions [166, 167] using cyclometalation compounds as their catalysts have also been reported. 

---

J Olefin Syntheses by Dehydrogenation and Other Elimination Reactions 137... 

As it is shown in Table 9.1, PP fiber production was affected in the last few years especially due to rising propylene prices. However, as more propylene becomes available through propane dehydrogenation and other processes, and as the demand for nonwovens increases, PP fiber production is forecasted to pickup again [14,15]. 

---