Dehydration, of chloroacetamide

Dehydration, of chloroacetamide, 22 of fumaramide, 46 of frons-methylstyrylcarbinol, 76 a-phenylglutaric acid to a-phenylglu-taric anhydride, 82... 

Practical syntheses of chloroacetonitrile depend upon dehydration of chloroacetamide with phosphorus pentoxide. The present method uses a liquid reaction medium in previous procedures the dry reagents were heated in the absence of solvent or liquid medium. ... 

The reactants are mixed by shaking, the mixture heated, and the product distilled at atmospheric pressure or at 20 mm. Dehydration of methyl sebacamate is done in tetrachloroethane, and dehydration of chloroacetamide is carried out at the boiling... 

A further method used to prepare dehydropiperazinediones is the condensation of a-keto esters with chloroacetamide or chloroacetonitrile leading to (38), followed by treatment with ammonia 367, 372, 375). For a similar cyclization reaction with concomitant dehydration see ref. (374). Subsequent condensation with aldehydes affords unsymmetrical tetradehydropiperazinediones, exemplified by the synthesis of albonoursin (36) (367, 369). Arylidenepiperazinediones from condensation reactions always have the Z-configuration, in contrast to the alkylidenepiperazine-diones, which are normally obtained as Z/E mixtures (57,140, 381). 

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