Deformation axis

Birefringence. A separate apparatus using a laser light source was constructed for measuring the absolute relative birefringence a, the absolute value of the difference between the refractive indices parallel and perpendicular to the deformation axis, specimens subjected to constant deforma-... 

Linear Tetraatomics and Their Deformation Axis Convention... 

This expression represents an average taken over all sample orientation. Practically speaking many methods can measure the second moment, which can range from -0.5 to 1.0. One extreme signifies that the segment is oriented perpendicular and parallel with respect to the deformation axis. A zero value is found for the case of random orientation. For infrared spectroscopy, the second moment can usually be given by the expression... 

It is often important to correlate changes in polymer chain segments relative to the deformation axis in terms of the dichroic ratio. Typically, relative absorbances are measured for various functional groups. The differences represent the time-dependent reorientational rates of different structural imits. The orientation of various fimctional groups may be dependent on the magnitude and specificity of various inter- and intramolecular interactions. Therefore, the rates of orientation and relaxation provide useful information of the local chemical environment. In polystyrene, a pair of strong cross peaks can be located at the lower left... 

Fig. 16 Smectic-C elastomer with uniform director orientation but conical layer distribution subjected to a second uniaxial mechanical deformation under an angle of 0 90° with respect to the first deformation axis (0 is the Sc tilt angle) [80, 116]...

Figure 24. Configuration of a stretched film with refractive indices (parallel to the deformation axis) and iiy, (perpendicular to the deformation axis).

It is noted that within the Euler-Bemoulli theory context, it holds that 6 = v, 6y= — w (the cross section remains perpendicular to the deformed axis) hence, shear strain components Eqs. 3b and 3c vanish. Considering strains to be small and employing the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor, the nonvanishing stress components are defined in terms of the strain ones as... 

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