Deformation and failure of oxide scale during hot rolling

4 Deformation and failure of oxide scale during hot rolling 

Rolling step Conventional Thin slab casting -direct rolling Castrip process 

Roughing rolling Multi-stands or multi-passes Up to 40% reduction at one pass [127] 0-2 stands 1100-1150°C No 

Finishing Multi-stands Multi-stands One or two stands 

The mechanical properties were investigated in some early studies. In these studies, the creep properties [111], tensile strengths [112], flow stress [113] and high temperature hardness [113,114] of various oxides were measured. The mechanical properties of wustite were also related to scale-steel interface adhesion [115] and marker movement [116] in the wustite scale layer. Based on these early studies, it was concluded that at temperatures above 800°C, wustite was deformable, and even in the range of 650-800°C, wustite still possessed certain plasticity [117], while magnetite and hematite were not deformable even at 1000°C. 

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