Definition of Process Integration

FIGURE 11.1. Sequential process design traditional design approach. 

After the process heat recovery is done, the next design step is to determine the utility supply in terms of heating and cooling, and power based on the needs and characteristics of process energy demand. In this step, the means of heat supply for the reaction and separation system will be addressed. For example, a choice for the reboiling mechanism must be made for a separation column between a fired heater and steam heater. Similarly, a choice of process driver between steam turbine and motor will be determined. Selection is made based on operation considerations, reliability and safety limits, and capital cost. Selection of process utility supply defines the basis for the design of a steam and power system. 

In short, the traditional design approach adopts a sequential design approach. In contrast, the process integration methodology for process design takes a different approach in that process design aspects in the inner part of the onion diagram are 

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