Deep Lake Water Cooling

Seasonally-Charged Deep Lake Water Cooling (DLWC)... 

Morofsky, E., 2002. Seasonally-Charged Deep Lake Water Cooling (DLWC) for Downtown Toronto, published in the Proceedings of Terrastock 2000, Stuttgart, Germany. 

Canadian Urban Institute, 1991. Deep Lake Water Cooling, Report on the Conference, 16-18 June, 66 pp. 

Scientific American, 1999. In The Drink Cities Try Cooling Off with Deep Lake Water, October, pp. 47-48. 

Sea-water does not freeze eawM8H,owit to the great depth of the ocean, which prevents the whole from ever bmng cooled down to the fteezii point sindlaily, in Ei land, -very deep lakes never freeze as the temperataie of the whole ma neiver gets reduced to 4° C. 

These properties of water have important consequences in its role in the ecosystem of Earth. Water at a temperature of 4 °C will always accumulate at the bottom of fresh water lakes, irrespective of the temperature in the atmosphere. Since water and ice are poor conductors of heat (good insulators) it is unlikely that sufficiently deep lakes will freeze completely, unless stirred by strong currents that mix cooler and warmer water and accelerate the cooling. In warming weather, chunks of ice float, rather than sink to the bottom where they might melt extremely slowly. These phenomena thus may help to preserve aquatic life. 

The exciting feature of the DLWC s district cooling system is that it makes use of the huge reservoir of cold water at the core of Lake Ontario. The lake is more than 250 m deep in places. Below about 80 m in the hypolimnion layer, reached within five kilometers of downtown Toronto, the water is permanently at 4 °C. This is the result of a natural phenomenon present in all large deep bodies of water where winters are cold. Surface water sinks when it is cooled to... 

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