Damage spatial distribution

Better spatial definition can be attained using transmission microscopy but the opaqueness of the electrode support negates its effectiveness. The spatial distribution of elements on the surface can be resolved with a scanning Auger microprobe. The problem of electron beam damage to the modified surface has prevented widespread usage. 

The models are based on a significant amount of information derived from radiation chemistry. The reader is directed to the studies of Nikjoo et al [35] and Otterlenghi et al [107] for a more detailed description of the assumptions and approaches on scoring the DNA damage. An important outcome from these simulations on DNA damage for the experimentalist is an indication of the single strand break spatial distribution of lesions produced in DNA ranging from isolated ssb to more complex DNA lesions. A compilation of some of the... 

We have treated the problem as one dimensional so far, considering the time to depassivation at one particular location. Carbonation depths, chloride profiles and rebar depths are not uniform so the spatial distribution of depassivation or initiation must be included in the calculation unless the ranges are small or the time from depassivation to damage is large. We know that all the concrete cover will not spall off at once so there must be a distribution of depassivation times and of time from depassivation to spalling. We must have realistic estimates of the time from the first spall to end of functional service life. 

With these caveats in mind, we present the temporal and spatial distributions of (reported) severe thunderstorm events in the contiguous United States (surmnarized in Table I). One expects a tornado-producing supercell storm also to have damaging hail and winds. However, only 4% of the tornadoes from 1955 through 1983 were accompanied by damaging wind reports, and another... 

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