D-2-Phosphoglyceric acid

Three of the reactions in the Calvin cycle are irreversible and serve to drive the whole cycle in a clockwise direction. The first step in the cycle can be regarded as the action of carbon dioxide on ribulose-l,5-diphosphate to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid which is then converted into 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid by the action of ATP and the appropriate enzyme. The important first step is catalysed by the phosphoprotein D-ribulose-1,5 bis phosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RUBISCO) which is probably the most abundant enzyme in the world. 

D 2,3 Dihydroxypropanoic acid 2-dihydrogen phosphate (D 2-phosphoglyceric acid)... 

Another important gap in the evidence for the schemes of botii Sallach and of Ichihara and Greenberg is lack of conclusive proof of the occurrence of either a D-glyceric acid dehydrogenase or a 3-phosphoglyceric acid dehy-... 

Figure 1. Dynamic utilization of amino acids in pigs. Degradation of essential amino acids via interorgan cooperation results in synthesis of nonessential amino acids. BCAA, branched-chain amino acids D3PG, D-3-phosphoglycerate (cm intermediate of glucose metabolism) HYP, hydroxyproline. Synthesis of serine from its carbon skeleton (D3PG) requires amino acids (e.g. aspartate and glutamate) as donors of the amino group.

G.M. Blackburn, D.L. Jakemean, A.J. Ivory, M.P. Williamson, Synthesis of phosphonate analogues of 1,3-bis-phosphoglyceric acid and their binding to yeast phosphoglycerate kinase, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 4 (1994) 2573-2578. 

The carbon flow from 3-phosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. Even if the synthesis of aromatic amino acids by shikimate pathway /28,29,30,31/ and also prenyl-PP synthesis via mevalonate /32,33,34/ has been established in chloroplasts by identification of respective plastidic enzymes, it is still a matter of discussion from where PEP origins to supply DAHP synthesis of the shikimate pathway and from where pyruvate is delivered to supply the plastidic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (for isolation see Treede and Heise, this Conference). Because phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) to form 2-PGA from 3-PGA could not be detected in chloroplasts /35/ and acetyl-CoA is preferably synthesized from added acetate by the actetyl-CoA synthetase /36/, particularly in spinach chloroplasts, it was argued that chloroplasts are dependent on import of these substrates from the external site. Evidence for PEP formation from 3-PGA within the chloroplast could be obtained by three different approaches (D. Schulze-Siebert, A. Heintze and G. Schultz, in preparation D. Schulze-Siebert and G. Schultz, in preparation, for plastidic isoenzyme of PGM in Ricinus see /37/ and in Brassica /38/). 

A series of conformationally-restrained phosphonate analogues, e.g. (209), (210), and (211), of D-glyceric acid 1,3-bisphosphate (208) have been synthesised as potential inhibitors of phosphoglycerate kinase (3-PGK). A number of... 

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