CYTOS Lab System

Fig. la-e. Selected microreactors, a Stainless steel microreactor system designed by Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik. b Glass microreactor (Watts and Haswell 2005). c Stainless steel microreactor of the CYTOS Lab system (http //www.cpc-net.com/cytosls.shtml). d Silicon-based microreactor designed by Jensen (Ratner et al. 2005). e Glass microreactor of the AFRICA System... 

Stainless steel is the material of choice for process chemistry. Consequently, stainless steel microreactors have been developed that include complete reactor process plants and modular systems. Reactor configurations have been tailored from a set of micromixers, heat exchangers, and tube reactors. The dimensions of these reactor systems are generally larger than those of glass and silicon reactors. These meso-scale reactors are primarily of interest for pilot-plant and fine-chemical applications, but are rather large for synthetic laboratories interested in reaction screening. The commercially available CYTOS Lab system (CPC 2007), offers reactor sizes with an internal volume of 1.1 ml and 0.1 ml, and modular microreactor systems (internal reactor volumes 0.5 ml to... 

CPC (2007) Cytos Lab System, http //www.cpc-net.com/cytosls.shtml. Cited 5 February 2007... 

Condensation of 1,3-diketones with hydrazines or hydroxyamines was conducted in a microflow system to give pyrazoles and isoxazoles in good yields [22]. High-throughput synthesis of pyrrole by the Paal-Knorr condensation of ethanolamine and acetonylacetone was achieved using the CPC CYTOS Lab System [23], The running of the system for 165 min resulted in 714 g of the pyrrole (Scheme 4.14). 

Palladium-catalyzed amination of aromatic halides, developed independently by Buchwald and Hartwig, is a useful tool for the construction of C—N bonds. Caravieilhes and coworkers reported using a microreador for aromatic amination [35]. With the use of CPC CYTOS Lab System, the reaction of p-bromotoluene with piperidine gave the desired coupling produd in quantitative yields with a residence time of 7.5 min (Scheme 4.24). 

The Cytos Pilot System is a 10-fold parallelized version of the Cytos Lab System [18] with identical fluidic behavior. Thus, nine Cytos microreactors were used for production with a cumulative product mass flow of 0.6 kg h , while alternately one reactor was treated with tetrahydrofuran in a rinsing cycle at a mass flow rate of 0.4kgh to avoid clogging of the microchannels. The continuously running Cytos Pilot System was cooled by an electrically tempered cooling system. 

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