Cytoprotective agents

The possibility to employ C60 as cytoprotective agents can be considered both one of the most promising applications and one of the most studied since the publication of the fundamental works of Dugan and coworkers, who analyzed fullerene capability of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Dugan et al., 1996, 1997, 2000 Quick and Dugan, 2004 Ah et al., 2004). 

Mechanism of Action An antineoplastic adjunct and cytoprotective agent that binds with and detoxifies urotoxic metabolites of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide. Therapeutic Effect Inhibits ifosfamide- and cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. 

Conversely, PARP inhibitors showed significant promise as cytoprotective agents in animal models of inflammation, stroke. 

Silymarin At present, there is no unequivocal confirmation of the positive effects of sil)miarin as a cytoprotective agent against various noxae in particular, the scavenger effects attributed to this substance and its alleged regenerative properties have not been confirmed in cirrhosis, (s. p. 867)... 

Highly cytotoxic antineoplastic agents produce a variety of serious side effects in patients. This problem has stimulated the search for compounds that protect patients from certain specific toxicities and thus permit the antineoplastic agents to be given in larger dose.s. The following three widely different cytoprotective agents have been approved for clinical use in the United State.s. 

AS Tang, PJ Chikhale, PK Shah, RT Borchardt. Utilization of a human intestinal epithelial cell culture system (Caco-2) for cytoprotective agents. Pharm Res 10 1620-1626,1993. 

Amifostine is an organic thiophosphate cytoprotective agent that can reduce the toxicity of cisplatin. It binds to and thereby detoxifies reactive metabolites of cisplatin. It scavenges reactive oxygen species generated by exposure to cisplatin radiation. 

Mesna is a cytoprotective agent. It is used to reduce the incidence of ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Mesna disulfide is reduced to the free thiol compound, mesna, which reacts chemically with the urotoxic ifosfa-mide metabolites, resulting in their detoxification. It is indicated in prevention of ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. 

Misoprostol is a synthetic, oral prostaglandin Ej analog, which acts as a cytoprotective agent for the gastric epithelium. 

Amifostine is a cytoprotective agent that is used to protect nonnal cells from cancer chemotherapeutic agents. 

Naturally Occurring Antimutagenic and Cytoprotective Agents Lester A. Mitscher, Segaran P. Pillai, Sanjay R. Menon, Ghristine A. Pillai, and Delbert M. Shankel... 

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