Cytokines inhibitors

Arend, W. P., Dayer, J.-M. (1990). Cytokines and cytokine inhibitors or antagonists in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthrit. Rheum. 33,305-15. 

The place of other immunosuppressive treatment is limited. The cytokine inhibitor infliximab by intermittent intravenous infusion is of value in moderate... 

Charles P et al Regulation of cytokines, cytokine inhibitors, and acute-phase proteins following anti-TNF-a therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol 1999 163 1521. [PMID 10415055]... 

Burger D, Dayer JM. Inhibitory cytokines and cytokine inhibitors. Neurology 1995 45 (suppl 6) S39-S43. 

V. Interleukins-1 and -6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Cytokine Inhibitors... 

Effects of therapy Cytokine, antibody to cytokine inhibitors, etc. 

De Laszlo SE, Chang LL, Kim D, Mantlo NB (1997) Preparation of pyridylpyrroles and analogs as cytokine inhibitors and glucagon antagonists. PCX Int Appl. CODEN PIXXD2 WO 9716442 A1 19970509, p 178... 

Indications Rheumatoid arthritis Category Cytokine inhibitor TNF inhibitor Half-life 10-20 days... 

Many cytokine inhibitors have been described. Among them, soluble receptors or autoantibodies (with affinity constant sometimes being as high as 10 mol/L) can influence cytokine assays. Nonspecific inhibitors are represented by plasma proteins, which bind cytokines (e.g., a2-macroglobu-lin and IL-6). The presence of such inhibitors can contribute to inaccurate results. The half-lifes of cytokines are also very short (generally a few minutes), which explains the very rapid plasma peaks of these molecules. Furthermore, in some instances, a circadian rhythm has been reported (IL-6 and RA) and intraindividual variation is very high (Figure 22-36). 

Janecki, T., A convenient synthesis of substituted 2-cyano-l,3-butadienes, Synthesis. 167, 1991. Ting, P.C., and Solomon, D.M., Synthesis of spiro[4, 5, 10,11-tetrahydro-5//-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohep-ten-5-yl-2 (37/)-furans] as potential cytokine inhibitors, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 32, 1027, 1995. Armesto, D., flail ego, M.G., Horspool, W.M., and Agarrabeitia, A.R., A new photochemical synthesis of cyclopropanecarboxylic acids present in pyrethroids by the aza-di-Jt-methane reanangement. Tetrahedron, 51, 9223, 1995. 

Cytokine inhibitors are relatively new and they must only be prescribed under specialist supervision. Their use is still being monitored by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Treatment should be withdrawn if there are severe side effects or no obvious improvement after three months. None of these drugs is recommended for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, because they can make the condition worse. 

Cytokine inhibitors Etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, anakinra... 

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