Cylindrical ingot

The material shall be clean and of uniform compn, and shall be free from segregations, dross, oxides, blow holes, hard spots, foreign material and other injurious defects. The material shall be furnished in commercial cylindrical ingots of specified dimensions Refs 1) Gmelin, Syst Nr 47, Teil -3 (1970), 905ff 2) Spec, Lead-Antimony (For Use... 

Silicon is used in its monocrystalline form. The single crystal is developed by a variety of processes as a cylindrical ingot or boule. This cylindrical shape is ground to... 

All the alloys studied were smelted on a base of commercial titanium alloy of technical purity BT1-0 (Fe<0.25 Si<0.1 C<0.07 N<0.04 O<0.2 others<0.3. Compositions are provided in wt. %) with plasma-arc method in argon atmosphere. The BT1-0 alloy itself is determined as pseudo a-alloy, which has coefficient of P-phase stabilization kp = 0.05 [4, 5], Temperatures of smelts were between 1620-1660 °C. Liquid metal was decanted into graphite mold inside of melting chamber. Obtained cylindrical ingots of 60 mm diameter and 150-400 mm length were cooled to 600 °C inside of chamber and after that to room temperature in air outside of equipment. 

Additives such as pigments are added to the glass powder. A sintering process is initiated during heat treatment at temperatures of approximately 500°-800°C to produce a raw glass-ceramic in the form of a cylindrical ingot. 

Silicon is used in its monocrystaUine form. The single crystal is developed by a variety of processes, as a cylindrical ingot, or boule. This cylindrical shape is ground to a nominal diameter and then shced. The resultant wafers are polished. Silicon crystallizes with a diamond structure. The wafers may have the (100), (110), or (111) orientation the (100) orientation is most commonly used. Figure 3.3 shows the layers in a cubic crystal system, described by their Miller indices, (6). The most important properties are given in Table 3.2. 

The melt is heated by passing a large elecuical cunent between two electrodes, one of which is tire metal rod to be refined, and the otlrer is the liquid metal pool standing in a water-cooled copper hearth, which collects the metal drops as tlrey fall tluough the molten electrolyte. This pool tlrerefore freezes at the bottom, forming the ingot. Under optimum chcumstances tire product billet takes the form of a cylindrical solid separated from the molten salt by... 

An alloy of ZrV19Fe01 was manufactured from metal ingots of Zr, V and Fe in an Ar-arc melting furnace, and the alloy was crushed and screened between 12 to 32 mesh in an Ar globe box, because the alloy is flammable in air. The alloy particles of 5.012 kg were packed in a dual cylindrical vessel made of SUS-316. After evacuated by a diffusion pump at temperature of 600°C, the alloy bed is cooled or heated to a specified temperature of T0 by the outside electric furnace. After sufficient time, electricity input to furnace was stopped. At the same time, hydrogen was supplied under a constant flow rate dented by W. Temperature was measured in several positions in the bed, and it was found that the temperature was almost uniform in the bed. 

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