Cyclones, atmospheric motion

In the vector equation of motion, the form assumed by the vertical component when all Coriolis, earth-curvature, frictional, and vertical-acceleration terms are con- sidered negligible compared with those involving the vertical pressure force and the force of gravity. The error in applying the hydrostatic equation to the atmosphere for cyclonic-scale motions is less than 0.01%. In extreme situations, the strong vertical accelerations in thunderstorms and mountain waves can be 1% of gravity, hypsithermal period... 

The surge hopper operates at essentially atmospheric pressure. In this hopper, the catalyst is disengaged and flows down the seal leg to the top of the reactor, while the lift air is vented. The hopper contains baffles that gently reverse the direction of the moving catalyst and give it a downward circulatory motion to initiate separation from the lift air. Upward air velocity decreases because of the larger diameter of the hoppers as compared with the lift line. Catalyst still entrained in the air stream is removed by cyclone separators in the top of the hopper. 

A simple two-dimensional simulation of the Earth s atmosphere involves numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes equations. The computer generates a ballet of vortices that mimic the motion of cyclones and anti-cyclones, much like the circulation observed by meteorologists. Unfortunately, even with enormous simplifications and very coarse results, the simulation is too complex for all but the most powerful and expensive computers. One basic problem is that the number of... 

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