Cyclic and Open Associative Transmetallation

The open transition state operates in cases where no bridging groups are available on the coordination sphere of Pd(ll) to produce a cyclic intermediate [227]. The 

An in-depth study of the StiUe reaction of alkynylstannanes with aryl iodides reveals the high complexity of many cross-coupling processes, in which the often ignored isomerization reactions can compete with the oxidative addition or the transmetaUation as the slow steps in the overaU process [232]. The effect of ligands as weU as that of fluoride anion in the StiUe reaction has been studied in detail computationaUy within this overall mechanistic scenario [233]. 

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