Current circulation

Lauf, m. course, path, track running, run, race flow current circulation passage (gun) barrel, -bahn, /. track, runway, run orbit career racecourse. 

A new coronavirus was quickly identified after the outbreak of an atypical pneumonia in southern China early in 2003. The new virus eventually caused 8,000 infections with approximately 800 deaths in 29 countries. The condition was named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS, and the causative coronavirus named SARS-CoV. The zoonotic nature of the infection came with the identification of a similar virus in bats (Poon et al. 2005), although it is possible that the bat virus passed through other animal hosts and recombined with other SARS-like coron-aviruses prior to infecting humans (Hon et al. 2008). SARS-CoV is not currently circulating in the human population however, the mysterious appearance and rapid spread of this virus emphasized how vulnerable the human population is to such respiratory infections. This has spurred interest in the development of antivirals that could be used either in treatment or as prophylaxis to complement public health measures in curbing future outbreaks. 

Lue, W.M. and Boyden, P.A. (1992). Abnormal electrical properties of myocytes from chronically infarcted canine heart - alterations in V and the transient outward current. Circulation 85, 1175-1188. 

Another concept that has recently been introduced is the aromaticity of the transition state (119). It was suggested that this aromaticity is compatible with a ring current circulating within the molecular plane of the hve atoms in the transition state for cycloaddition (119). According to these calculations, such transition state aromaticity does not, however, impact upon the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition (119). 

Critical current measurements have been made with a variety of techniques. The indirect technique, that of obtaining the critical current from the magnetization response is discussed in Chapter 18. Direct transport measurements, using attached current and voltage leads, and indirect measurements requiring macroscopic current circulation will be discussed. Critical currents are desired as a function of both temperature and applied magnetic field since a variety of theories discuss the functional relationship. And applications may require either or both of these data. 

Influenza vaccine contains antigens from two or three of the currently circulating types of flu virus. 

The diagnosis is best confirmed by measuring lead in whole blood. Although this test reflects lead currently circulating in blood and soft tissues and is not a reliable marker of either recent or... 

Geelen P, Drolet B, Rail J, Berube J, Daleau P, et al. 2000. Sildenafil (Viagra) prolongs cardiac repolarization by blocking the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current. Circulation 102 275-77... 

We point out that the two states defining the ground state differentiate by current circulating clockwise or counter clockwise, same as in the flux qu-bit, the main difference consisting of the amplitude of such circulating currents,... 

Figure 20.13 Measurement of water by the Karl Fischer volumetric technique. The titration ceU contains volumetric burettes (which may be automated) and two small platinum electrodes. As long as no iodide is present in solution the electrodes remain polarized and only a weak current circulates between them. Once the equivalence point is reached, an excess of iodine will cause the depolarization of the electrodes and a significant current is registered.

A new variable is defined for the electrode kinetics at the interface, the overpotential t. This is a convenient variable that is dependent on the electric potential for a variable current circulation condition and for one without current. 

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