Curing system high-energy radiation

The majority of the commercial radiation-curable coating systems (high energy electron and light-cured coating systems) are clear or contain siflca... 

The free-radical cure mechanism of the vinyl ester resins is well understood. In most respects, it is similar to that of the unsaturated polyester resins. To initiate the curing process, it is necessary to generate free radicals within Ike resm mass. Organic peroxides are tlie most common source of free radicals. These peroxides will decompose under the influence of elevated temperatures or chemical promoters, e.g., organometallics or tertiary amines, to form free radicals. Generation of free radicals also can be effected by ultraviolet or high-energy radiation applied directly to the resin system. The free radicals thus formed react to open the double bond... 

C. DISPENZA, F. SCRO, A. VALENZA, G. SPADARO, High energy radiation curing of resin systems for structural adhesives and composite applications , Rad. Phys. Chem., 63 (2002) 69-73... 

Hoyle, C. E. and J. F. Kinstle (eds.), Radiation Curing of Polymeric Materials , ACS, Washington, DC, 1990. Sections cover photoinitiators, photocurable systems, properties of radiation-cured materials, photodegradation, laser-initiated polymerization and high energy radiation curing. 

The polymeric systems are usually composed of a polymer which Imparts the majority of physical properties and actinic additives. In simple systems such as curing films or electron beam resists, the polymer is also the radiation sensitive species. In most cases, the formulations behave simllarily in their response to high energy irradiation. Practically any polymer can be made radiation sensitive by direct exposure to ionizing energies or by formulation with additives such as free radical precursors. Thermally sensitive polymers are also likely to undergo a similar reaction when exposed. 

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