Cure transformation diagram

Rheological Cure Transformation Diagrams for Evaluating Polymer Cure Dynamics... 

Figure 6. Engineering Cure Transformation Diagram Accelerated Epoxy System.

Wei, J., DeMuse, M. and Hawley, M.C., Kinetics modelling and time-temperature-transformation diagram of microwave and thermal cure of epoxy-resins, Polym. Eng. Sci., 1995, 35, 461. 

Figure 8.5 Conversion vs composition transformation diagram at a constant cure temperature, showing cloud-point curves and spinodal curves that bound stable, metastable, and unstable regions , , and represent the three trajectories, starting from different initial thermoplastic concentrations and leading to different morphologies. (Pascault and Williams, 2000 -Copyright 2001. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley Sons Inc.)...

Figure 9.3 Temperature vs conversion transformation diagram representing a cure cycle along the vitrification curve. 

Important concepts in any analysis of the cure of thermosetting polymers are the possibility of reaching vitrification at particular locations in the part and the need to provide heat from an external source to devitrify the material and continue the cure. The analysis of vitrification cannot be avoided when the cure is performed at room temperature using different types of radiation (e.g., UV, EB, microwave) to initiate the polymerization. A temperature vs conversion transformation diagram (Chapter 5) may be useful in the design of cure cycles. 

Figure 3. ATS time-temperature-transformation diagram for isothermal cures in N2.

Gelation, vitrification and phase-separation transitions in curing systems are very well described in the work of GilUiam (1986) via the use of time-temperature-transformation diagrams. 

Figure 3. Tirae-teraperature transformation diagram for the curing of coatings, from GiIlham (59).

Fig. 8. Temperature-conversion transformation diagram lowing phase separation, gelation and vitrification for a castor oil-modiiSed epoxy system (< > , = 0.176) at different temperatures (Reprinted from Polymer International, 30, R.A. Ruseckaite, L. Hu, C.C. Riccardi, RJ.J. Williams, Castor-oil-modified epoxy resins as model systems of rubber-modified thermosets. 2 Influence of cure conditions on morphologies generated, 287-295, Copyright (1993), with kind permission from the Society of Chemical Industry, London, UK)...

Figure 3.11 Conversion versus temperature transformation diagram showing conditions under which gelation, vitrification and chemical degradation take place, as well as restriction arising from topological limitations for novolac epoxy resin cured with DDS. Reprinted with permission from RA. Oyanguren and R.J.J. Williams,/owmia/ of Applied Polymer Science, 1993, 47,1361 1993,...

Fig. 1. Transformation diagram for 1 cured with sulfanilamide showing changes in morphology as a function of the cure time. This particular diagram shows the time at which phase transformations occur when the sample is cured isothermally at a given temperature. I, isotropic LC, liquid crystalline K, crystalline. Reprinted from Ref. 70, Copyright (1994), with permission from Elsevier Science.

The reaction-induced phase separation may also be described using conversion, x, versus composition, ( )m, transformation diagrams at a constant cure temperature (Fig. 8.5). Cloud point and spinodal curves bound stable, metastable, and unstable regions. Experimental studies of phase separation (Chen et al., 1993 Girard-Reydet et al, 1998), revealed that compositions located close to the critical point (e.g., trajectory 2 in Fig. 8.5) undergo spinodal demixing, while off-critical compositions (e.g., trajectories 1 and 3) exhibit phase separation by a nucleation-growth mechanism. 

Aronhime, M. T., Gillham, J. K. Time-Temperature Transformation (TTT) Cure Diagram of Thermosetting Polymeric Systems. Vol. 78, pp. 81 — 112. 

Figure 2.6 Time-temperature-transformation (TTT) cure diagram. Adapted from Enns and Gillham [55]...

The Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) Cure Diagram of Thermosetting Polymeric Systems... 

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