Crystallography and Morphology

Both the O-Rh(lll) and the O-Ru(OOOl) surfaces share considerable similarities in the patterns of 0-induced reconstruction [118]. For instance, three phases of p(2 X 2)-0, c(2 X 2)-20, and p(l x l)-0 form sequentially on these two surfaces. The Ru(0001)-p(l x l)-0 phase can form under N2O pretreatment [119, 120] while the Rh(l 1 l)-p(l x l)-0 phase can be obtained by low-energy oxygen-ion-beam irradiation [121], Common to all other 0-chemisorbed systems, the first-layer spacing expands and the second contracts. 

The combination of on-surface O in fee sites and subsurface O in tetra-I sites is to be either most stable or energetically very close to the most stable geometry. The tetra-I site for Ru would only allow an O-metal bond length of 1.65 A. This situation gradually becomes favorable for other elements, yet for Ag that has the largest lattice constant. In that case, the value of 1.80 A is still significantly too short. Thus, subsurface O incorporation always induces a substantial local 

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For crystallizable macromolecules, what is their crystallography and morphology in the solid state ... 

Zha] Zhang, M.X., Kelly, P.M., Crystallography and Morphology of Widmanstaetten Cementite in Austenite , Acta Mater, 46, 4617-4628 (1998) (Crys. Stmeture, Morphology, Experimental, 28)... 

One question which immediately arises is that of the structure at the surface of polyethylene films produced in this manner. The question of polymer crystallography and morphology has been extensively discussed and documented by Wunder1ich. For the most part, discussion has centered around samples crystallized from solution or produced from the melt under pressure. There are two considerations which make it difficult to extrapolate from this work. 

Thus, the interaction of the primary beam with the sample provides a wealth of information on morphology, crystallography and chemical composition. Using transmission electron microscopy to make a projection of the sample density is a routine way to study particle sizes in catalysts. 

Thus, the interaction of the primary beam with the sample provides a wealth of information on morphology, crystallography and chemical composition. 

Closely spaced magnetic nanocrystals that are found in nature are often more perfect in their sizes, shapes and arrangements than their synthetic counterparts. As a result, they can be chosen as model systems to study the effect of particle size, morphology, crystallography and spacing on magnetic microstructure. 

WiLCOCK JR, Perry CC, Williams RJP and Brook AJ (1989) Biological minerals formed from strontium and barium sulphates. II. Crystallography and control of mineral morphology in desmids. Proceedings of the Royal Sodety of London B 238 203-221. 

F. Hasan, A. Jahanafrooz, G.W. Lorimer, and N. Ridley, The Morphology, Crystallography, and Chemistry of Phases in As-Cast Nickel-Aluminum Bronze, Metall. Trans. A, Vol 13, 1982, p 1337-1345... 

Recrystallization experiments frequently yield crystals having different shapes and morphologies which are not necessarily different polymorphs. For example, Figs 8.2 and 8.3 show crystals of p-estradiol with distinctly different shapes but are, in fact, the same polymorph. The morphology differences are due to different crystallization solvents. It is important then to have some microscopical technique that allows one to distinguish between polymorphs. Optical crystallography, thermal microscopy and microspectroscopy have this ability. 

Spa] Spanos, G., The Morphology, Crystallography, and Mechanism of Carbide Precipitation in an Fe-0.12C-3.28Ni Alloy , Metall. Trans. A, 23A(1), 171-181 (1992) (Experimental, Meehan. Prop., Morphology, 44)... 

Comparing the DOS features detected using STS, PES, and IPES, one may conclude immediately that the oxygen-derived valence DOS features are very common for all the analyzed systems. All the DOS features appeared in the valence band or above of oxide surfaces, such as 0-Cu(l 10), 0-Cu(l 11), and 0-Pd(l 10), are actually the same despite their surface crystal geometries and morphologies. The patterns of morphology and crystallography vary indeed from situation to situation, as discussed in Sect. 4.3, but the DOS spectral features detected are commonly the same. 

Momma, K., Izumi, F. (2011). VESTA 3 for three-dimensional visualization of crystal, volumetric and morphology data. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 44, 1272-1276. 

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