Crystallization practice sustainability

Thus, methods are now becoming available such that process systems can be designed to manufacture crystal products of desired chemical and physical properties and characteristics under optimal conditions. In this chapter, the essential features of methods for the analysis of particulate crystal formation and subsequent solid-liquid separation operations discussed in Chapters 3 and 4 will be recapitulated. The interaction between crystallization and downstream processing will be illustrated by practical examples and problems highlighted. Procedures for industrial crystallization process analysis, synthesis and optimization will then be considered and aspects of process simulation, control and sustainable manufacture reviewed. 

The host materials that are utilized in laser systems must exhibit adequate transparency, mechanical strength, and thermal properties. In addition, the material must be able to sustain a precise optical polish, and be cast or grown adequately within reasonable economic and time constraints. The host must afford the impurity ions the type of spectroscopic properties that are appropriate for good laser performance. As a result of the numerous requirements, not many materials turn out to be useful in practical circumstances. Below, the nature of glasses and crystals is discussed, and the important physical properties are briefly outlined. 

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