Crystalline powders

Me2NCH2) C2H5)(Me)C-OOC Ph-HCI. Colourless crystalline powder with a bitter taste, m.p. 177-179"C. Prepared by the action of ethyl magnesium bromide on dimethyl-aminoaceione. It is a local anaesthetic, mainly used to produce spinal anaesthesia. 

CaH,3N02. White flaky or crystalline powder, m.p. 126-128°C. Used in (he treatment of barbiturate poisoning, by intravenous injection. 

C10H16N2O3. White crystalline powder, m.p. I22-124°C. Prepared by condensing ethyl butylethylmalonate with urea. It is used as a sedative and hypnotic. 

The dihydrochloride is a white crystalline powder, m.p. about 225 C (decomp.). Used as an antiseptic and skin sterilizing agent, and as a bacteriostat in some pharmaceutical formulations. 

Crystalline powder, m.p. 174-179 C. Prepared by treatment of thiocarbanilide with sulphur, or by heating aniline, carbon disulphide and nitrobenzene. It is an important rubber accelerator, and on oxidation gives dibenzthiazyl disulphide, also a rubber accelerator. 

C4H4N2O2. Colourless crystalline powder, turning brown at 280 C and melting at 338 C (decomp.). Uracil is a constituent of ribose nucleic acid. Used as a diuretic and derivatives have pharmaceutical importance. 5-Fluorouracil is used in cancer treatment. 

Bromosuccinimide - easily purchased but I could only find one grade, ft s a very fluffy light orangy crystalline powder - use gloves and a mask, because bromine is VERY nasty. 

Urea reacts with formaldehyde compounds such as monomethylolurea, NH2CONHCH2OH, dimethylolurea, HOCH2NHCONHCH2OH, and others, depending on the mol ratio of formaldehyde, to urea and upon the pH of the solution. Hydrogen peroxide and urea give a white crystalline powder, urea peroxide, CO(NH2 (2 -H2 02, known under the trade name of Hypersol, an oxidizing agent. 

Silver difluoride [7783-95-1], AgF2, is a black crystalline powder. It has been classified as a hard fluorinating agent (3) which Hberates iodine from KI solutions and o2one from dilute aqueous acid solutions on heating. It spontaneously oxidizes xenon gas to Xe(II) in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solutions (20). 

Sodium Bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate [144-55-8] NaHCO, is a white crystalline powder. It is odorless, has a saline and shghdy alkaline taste, and is stable in dry air, but slowly decomposes in moist air. Its solubihty is one gram in 10 mL water in hot water it is converted into carbonate, and it is insoluble in alcohol. 

Bisa.codyl, 4,4 -(2-PyridyLmethylene)bisphenol diacetate [603-50-9] (Dulcolax) (9) is a white to off-white crystalline powder ia which particles of 50 p.m dia predominate. It is very soluble ia water, freely soluble ia chloroform and alcohol, soluble ia methanol and ben2ene, and slightly soluble ia diethyl ether. Bisacodyl may be prepared from 2-pyridine-carboxaldehyde by condensation with phenol and the aid of a dehydrant such as sulfuric acid. The resulting 4,4 -(pyridyLmethylene)diphenol is esterified by treatment with acetic anhydride and anhydrous sodium acetate. Crystallisation is from ethanol. 

Phenolphthalein. Alophen, Ex-Lax, Feen-a-Miat, Modane, and Phenolax are trade names for phenolphthaleia [77-09-8] (3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphen5l)-l-(3ff)-l isobensofuranone) (10). It is a white or faintiy yellowish white crystalline powder, odorless and stable ia air, and practically iasoluble ia water one gram is soluble ia 15 mL alcohol and 100 mL diethyl ether. Phenolphthaleia may be prepared by mixing phenol, phthaHc anhydride, and sulfuric acid, and heating at 120°C for 10—12 h. The product is extracted with boiling water, then the residue dissolved ia dilute sodium hydroxide solution, filtered, and precipitated with acid. 

Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride. l-(3-Cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-phenyl-4-piperidinecarboxyhc acidmonohydrochlorhydrate [3810-80-8] (Lomotil) (13) is a white, odorless, crystalline powder that melts at 220—226°C. It is soluble ia methanol, spariagly soluble ia ethanol and acetone, slightly soluble ia water and isopropyl alcohol, freely soluble ia chloroform, and practically iasoluble ia ether and hexane. The method of preparation for diphenoxylate hydrochloride is available (11). Diphenoxylate hydrochloride [3810-80-8] (13) is an antidiarrheal that acts through an opiate receptor. It has effects both on propulsive motility and intestinal secretion. Commercial forms are mixed with atropiae to discourage abuse. 

Cyclizine Hydrochloride. l-(Diphenylmethyl)-4-methylpipera2ine monohydrochloride [303-25-3] (Mare2ine) (17) is a white crystalline powder, or small colorless crystals, that is odorless or nearly so and has a bitter taste. It melts indistinctly and with decomposition at ca 285°C. One gram of cycli2ine hydrochloride [303-25-3] is soluble in 115 mL water, 115 mL ethanol, and 5 mL chloroform it is insoluble in diethyl ether. It may be made by the synthesis shown in Reference 15. 

Meclizine Hydrochloride. Pipera2ine Antivert, and Bonine are trade names for mech2ine dihydrochloride monohydrate [31884-77-2] (20). It is a white or slightly yellowish crystalline powder with a slight odor, no taste, and a melting point of 217—224°C. The hydrochloride is practically insoluble in water and ether. It is freely soluble in chloroform, pyridine, methylacetamide, and mild acid alcohol—water mixtures, and is slightly soluble in dilute acids or alcohol. See Reference 16 for synthesis. 

A.cetohexamide. Acetohexamide or l-[(p-acetylphenyl)sulfon5l]-3-cyclohex-ylurea, mol wt 324.42, is a white, practically odorless crystalline powder that has the trade name Dymelor. It is practically insoluble in water and in ether, soluble in pyridine and in dilute solutions of alkaU hydroxides, and slightly soluble in alcohol and in chloroform. 

Chlorpropamide. Chlorpropamide (l-[(p-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-3-propylurea), mol wt 276.75, is a white, crystalline powder, having a slight odor, mp 127—129°C. It is sold as Diabinese, is soluble in water at pH 6 (2.2 mg/mL), and practically insoluble at pH 7.3, soluble in alcohol, and sparingly soluble in chloroform, ether, and benzene. 

Tola mide. Tola2imide (l-(hexahydro-lJT-a2epin-l-yl)-3-(p-tolysulfonyl)urea), mol wt 311.40, is a white to off-white crystalline powder, ododess or having a slight odor, mp 170—173°C, with a piC of —3.6 at 25°C and 5.68 at 37.5°C. It is very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in chloroform, soluble in acetone, and slightly soluble in alcohol. The trade name is Tolinase. 

Tolbutamide. Tolbutamide (l-but5l-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea), with mol wt 270.35, is known as Orinase. It is a white to off-white practically ododess crystalline powder having a slightly bitter taste, mp 126—132°C. It is practically insoluble in water, and soluble in alcohol and chloroform. The toxicity of tolbutamide appears to be low, and reactions are similar to those observed with other sulfonylureas. 

Potassium iodate [7758-05-6] KIO, mol wt 214.02, 59.30% I, forms white, odorless crystals or a crystalline powder. It has a density 3.98 g/mL and mp of 560°C with partial decomposition. Potassium iodate is rapidly formed when potassium iodide is fused with potassium chlorate, bromate, or perchlorate. The solubihty in water is 9.16 g/100 g H2O at 25°C and 32.2 g/100 g H2O at 100°C. KIO is extensively used as an oxidizing agent in analytical chemistry and as amaturing agent and dough conditioner (see Bakery processes and leavening agents). 

Lead Dioxide. Lead dioxide (lead peroxide, plattnerite), Pb02, is a brownish black crystalline powder consisting of fine crystalline flakes ia... 

Dibasic Lead Phosphite. Dibasic lead phosphite [12141 -20-7] 2PbO PbHPO pfrac l 2 H2O, is a white crystalline powder, mol wt... 

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