Crystal dysprosium

In case of crystals of Cu-Dy composite formed under sonication, the concentration of dysprosium increased while in case of the crystals of Mn-Dy and Co-Dy composites, the concentration of dopant, Dy, decreased indicating a strong attraction of Dy for Cu compared to its weak interaction for Mn and Co ions. Nevertheless, the possibility of some of the Dy having been ejected out due to forceful cavitational effect of the ultrasound from the lattice of Mn and Co cannot be ruled out. Higher percentage of Cu, Mn, and Ce in case of Cu-Ce, Co-Ce and Mn-Ce composites, synthesized under sonication compared to normal crystals, could be attributed to the change in the composition of the lattice pattern due to the mechanical impact of ultrasound, whereas, such an effect has not been found in Co salts. These can be seen in Table 11.1. 

Behrendt DR, Legvold S, Spedding FHC (1958) Magnetic properties of dysprosium single crystals. Phys Rev 109 1544—1547... 

Figure 6.8 (a) Direction of local anisotropy axes (dashed lines) and the low-temperature alignment of magnetic moments (blue arrows) on dysprosium ions along the chain in crystal [(CuUjDyKMotCNlg] ... 

At the end of the 19th century, Urbain, using the fractional crystallization method, prepared 60g of dysprosium oxide after 10,000 crystallizations then, in 1907, after 15,000 successive nitrate crystallizations from nitric solution, he separated lutetium and ytterbium. 

From a structural standpoint, the rare earth sulfides have several polymorphic forms (20), whose stability regions are represented in Figure 3. The high temperature form (y) exists from lanthanum to dysprosium. It is cubic and is of the Th3P4 type, with a defect structure. In each unit cell, there are 102/3 metal atoms which are distributed at random among the 12 sites of the metal lattice. The structures of the low temperature a and f forms are not yet known. The structure of the 8 form, which is peculiar to dysprosium, yttrium, and erbium, is monoclinic (20). The three last forms have low crystal symmetry, and certainly have no vacant lattices. 

Dysprosium(III) with f9 has 73 multiplet terms with 6Hi5/2 as the ground state. Crystal spectrum of DyCb in LaCb matrix has been analyzed and the calculated and observed energy levels use the following parameters A9(r2) 91.30 cm-1, A (r4) — 38.97 cm-1, Ag r6) — 23.17 cm-1, Ag(r6) 257.8 cm-1. The energy levels of Dy3+ in LaCl3 are given... 

Structure Non-hydrated rare earth fluorides have two different crystal systems, a hexagonal system (lanthanum to terbium) and an orthorhombic system (dysprosium to lutetium, yttrium). In the crystal of LaFs, the central ion is nine coordinated by nine fluoride atoms. Each fluoride atom further connects with two lanthanum atoms through a [13-bridge to form an infinite polymer. 

Khiyalov, M.S., Amiraslanov, I.R., Mamedov, K.S., and Movsumov, E.M. (1981) Crystal and molecular structure of dysprosium(III) p-nitrobenzoate. Doklady —Akademiya Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Azebaidzhan) (in Russian), 37 (2), 42-45. 

Glowiak, T., Legendziewicz, I., Dao, C.N., and Huskowska, E. (1991) Absorption, luminescence and crystal structure studies of dysprosium compound with L-a-Alanine [Dy(L-a-AlaH)(H20)6]Q3. Journal of the Less Common Metals, 168 (2), 237-248. 

Herrmann, W.A., Anwander, R., Kleine, M., and Scherer, W. (1992) Lanthanides complexes. 1. Solvent free alkoxide complexes of neodymium and dysprosium. Crystal and molecular structure of trans-bis(acetonitrile)tris(tri-tert-butylmethoxy)neodymium. Chemische Berichte, 125, 1971-1979. 

Gamma rays from spent reactor fuel rods were used for the photoreduction of the trivalent lanthanides. A spectral survey of these divalent containing crystals has been presented by McClure and Kiss (16). This photoreduction technique reduces only a minor fraction of the total trivalent concentration, and those divalent ions produced are unstable with respect to heat and/or light. Fong (3) has described these effects using divalent dysprosium as an example. 

Figure 9,1.12 Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction Structure of the Dysprosium(III) Texaphyrin Complex 9.74.

Figure 10.4.5 Single Crystal Structure of a Dysprosium(III) Texaphyrin Complex Wherein Two Phenyl Phosphate Counter Anions are Found Bound to the Metal Center.

The materials derived from YBa2Cu307 by replacing yttrium with other rare earth elements (lutetium, ytterbium, thulium, erbium, hohnium, dysprosium, gadolinium, europium, samarium, neodymium, lanthanum) are also superconductors, with r, s of 88 to 96 K. The crystal structures of RBa2Cu307 are almost the same as those of YBa2Cu307. The lattice constant is slightly different for the different ionic radii of the rare earth elements, and yet their chemical and physical properties are almost the same as those of YBa2Cu307. 

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