Cresol degradation anaerobic

Rudolph A, A Tschech, G Euchs G (1991) Anaerobic degradation of cresols by denitrifying bacteria. Arch Microbiol 155 238-248. 

Bonting CFC, S Schneider, G Schmidtberg, G Fuchs (1995) Anaerobic degradation of m-cresol via methyl oxidation to 3-hydroxybenzoate by a denitrifying bacterium. Arch Microbiol 164 63-69. 

Londry KL, PM Fedorak, JM Suflita (1997) Anaerobic degradation of m-cresol by a sulfate-reducing bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 3170-3175. 

Muller JA, AS Galuschko, A Kappler, B Schink (2001) Initiation of anaerobic degradation of / -cresol by formation of 4-hydroxybenzylsuccinate in Desulfitobacterium cetonicum. J Bacteriol 183 752-757. 

Ramanand K, JM Suflita (1991) Anaerobic degradation of m-cresol in anoxic aquifer slurries carboxylation reactions in a sulfate-reducing bacterial enrichment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57 1689-1695. 

Enrichment factors during the anaerobic degradation of o-xylene, m-xylene, m-cresol, and p-cresol by pure cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria that use the fumarate pathway ranged from -1.5 to -3.9 ppm (Morasch et al. 2004). It was therefore proposed that this could be applied to evaluating in situ bioremediation of contaminants that use this pathway for biodegradation. 

In general, cresols will degrade in surface waters very rapidly. However, cresols may persist in groundwater due to a lack of microbes and/or anaerobic conditions. Cresols are largely released to groundwater via landfills and hazardous waste sites. Tables 5-2a through 5-2e include monitoring data for these sources. 

For o-, p-, and m-cresol, as well as the mixed isomers, anaerobic degradation studies, analytical methods development, and transformation studies are all on-going (EPA 1989b). Additionally, for o-cresol, studies on water purification techniques are on-going, while for p- cresol, aerobic degradation and toxicity studies are on-going. 

Muller, J. A., A. S. Galushko, A. Kappler, and B. Schink, Anaerobic degradation of m-cresol by Desulfobacterium cetonicum is initiated by formation of 3-hydroxybenzylsuccinate , Arch. Microbiol., 172, 287-294 (1999). 

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