Cracks solvent exchange

To manufacture cationic materials, the resin beads are swollen with an organic polar solvent to prevent cracking during sulfonation, and then sulfonated with hot and concentrated sulfuric acid (see Figure 7.18) [116-118], With this method, a strong-acid cation exchanger can be produced [6],... 

Layers of cellulose ion-exchangers are prepared with the usual commercial spreaders. A mixture is made of water or the solvent to be used, and about 10—20% cellulose powder. The amount of powder depends on the swelling tendency of the particular powder. The exchangers CM-, DEAE- and ECTEOLA-ceUulose tend to swell considerably PEI- and Poly-P-cellulose only slightly. This swelling is disadvantageous in that the completely dry layer shows a greater or lesser number of very fine cracks. 

Principal uses of anti-foulants are in hydrodesulfurizers (for naphtha, gas, and lubricating oUs), in naphtha reformers, in crude and catalytic cracking units. Other units include cokers, visbreakers, alkylation units, ethylene units, deethanizers, solvent recovery units, etc. While fouled equipment consists primarily of heat exchangers, furnace tubes, piping, and distillation towers can also be affected. 

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