Cooling towers counterflow

The Spray tree is used to distribute water over the wet deck in counterflow cooling towers. It can consist of a single header fitted with spray nozzles or, it can utilize spray branches with nozzles for wider coverage. Spray nozzle designers seek minimal pressure requirements and uniform coverage over wide flow ranges. 

Figure 9-126A. eS F wet bulb 30°F range, counterflow cooling tower performance curves. Used by permission of Counterflow Cooling Tower Performance, The Pritchard Corp. (now, Black and Veatch Pritchard Corp.) (1957). 

Counterflow Cooling Tower Performance, J. F. Pritchard and Co. of California, Kansas City, Mo. (1957). 

If we decrease the air rate (i.e., increase L G), then in effect the driving force is decreased and a greater degree of difficulty is reflected in the form of a larger value for Ntu(. This is illustrated by the enthalpy-temperature diagram of Figure 6.1. The plot reflects a counterflow cooling tower at constant conditions but variable L G ratios. 

Effect of Evaporation Losses in the Analysis of Counterflow Cooling Towers... 

Figure 9.16, the enthalpy-temperature diagram, shows the relationship between the water and air as they exist in a counterflow cooling tower. The vertical difference at any given water temperature between the water operating line and the air operating line is the enthalpy driving force. 

Wrinkle, R. B. Chem. Eng. Progr., 67 (1971) 45. Performance of counterflow cooling tower ceils. 

Figure 8.13 Three cell induced draft counterflow cooling tower made of seamless double wall polyethylene construction. (Courtesy of Delta Cooling Towers)...

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