Clusters coulomb explosion

Figure 11. Average ion kinetic energies as a function of cluster size for ammonia clusters and deuterated ammonia clusters resulting from Coulomb explosion of clusters. The average kinetic energies are obtained from the splittings in the cluster ion time-of-flight peaks see Figure 10. Taken with permission from ref. 90.

Figure 12. Coulomb explosion of hydrogen iodide clusters. Note the formation of l+ a small signal probably attributable to l+17 is seen in some experiments. Taken with permission from ref. 92.

In large clusters do you observe new fragmentation pathways due to Coulomb explosion as observed in the nice experiments of Castleman s group ... 

Echt O,Wan der Waals clusters Metastable decay, coulomb explosion, and electron attachment. In Benedek X. et al. Eds., Elemental and Molecular Clusters, Proceedings of the 13th International School, Erice, Italy, July 1987 263. 

Both the cluster Coulomb explosion time Tex and the expansion time of optical molasses Tm obey the relation [Eq. (114)] Tex, tm oc We... 

Figure 25. Molecular dynamics simulations of time-resolved Coulomb explosion of (Xe " clusters (N = 2-55 q = 1-10) (data from Ref. 93). The times for the doubling of the radius of the initial distribution of the Xe + ions scales as according to Eq. (114).

Because of the inverse square law, the probability of Coulomb explosions decreases rapidly for molecules of larger size. Consequently, in collision experiments, the abundance of doubly-charged ions is far greater for large molecules. This tendency is well known from studies of the heavy hydrocarbons [317], and extends to fullerenes and other clusters (see chapter 12). 

Shen, P Hauri, D. Ross, J. Oefner, P. J. Analysis of glycolysis metabolites by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection.7. Capillary Electrophor. 1996,3,155-163. Card, D. A. Fohner, D. E. Sato, S. Buzza, S. A. Castleman, A. W., Jr. Covariance mapping of ammonia clusters evidence of the coimectiveness of clusters with coulombic explosion. J. Phys. Chem. 1997,101, 3417-3423. 

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