Cortical bone compressive modulus

The mechanical properties of cancellous bone are dependent upon the bone density and porosity, and the strength and modulus are therefore much lower than those for cortical bone. The axial and compressive strength are proportional to the square of the bone density, and moduli can range from 1 to 3 GPa. 

FIGURE 8.4 Typical stress-strain behavior for human cortical bone. The bone is stiffer in the longitudinal direction, indicative of its elastic anisotropy. It is also stronger in compression than in tension, indicative of its strength asymmetry (modulus is the same in tension and compression). From Ref. 9.)... 

FIGURE 8.14 Compressive load-unload-reload behavior of human vertebral trabecular bone. Similar to cortical bone tested in tension, an initial overload causes residual strains and a reloading curve whose modulus quickly reduces from a value similar to the intact modulus to a value similar to the perfect damage modulus. (From Ref. 105.)... 

Bone -Compression -Cortical anisotropic, cancellous isotropic -Ultimate stress = 130-220 MPa (compression), 80-150 MPa (tension) -Compressive modulus = 0.1-30 GPa... 

---