Corrosion of metallic implants

Handbook of Biomaterial Properties. Edited by J. Black and G. Hastings. Published in 1998 by Chapman Hall, London. ISBN 0 412 60330 6. 

1 = very mild surface degradation visible at 60x magnification 

3 = moderate surface degradation visible without magnification 

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Syrett, B. C. "The Application of Electrochemical Techniques to the Study of Corrosion of Metallic Implant Materials", In Electrochemical Techniques,lor Corrosion. Babolan, R., Ed., NACE 1977. 

Kruger, J., Fundamental Aspects of the Corrosion of Metallic Implants, Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials, ASTM STP 684, B. C. Syrrett and A. Achaiya, Eds., ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1979, pp. 107-127. 

Fraker, A. C., Corrosion of Metallic Implants and Prosthetic Devices, Metals Handbook, Corrosion, Ninth Edition, Vol. 13, ASM, Materials Park, OH, 1986, pp. 1324-1335. 

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